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Ear Microanatomy

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

To transmit nerve impulses to the central nervous system

What is the name of the organ responsible for both hearing and equilibrium?

Inner ear

What is the function of the macula utriculi, macula saccule, and crista ampullaris?

To detect angular acceleration and deceleration

What is the name of the nerve that enters the ear together with the vestibulocochlear nerve?

<p>Facial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the system that detects movements and pressure changes within the surrounding water in fish and aquatic amphibians?

<p>Lateral line system</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the organ found in snakes that is utilized for tongue extension and tongue retraction?

<p>Jacobson's organ</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the manubrium of the malleus in the dog?

<p>C-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the tympanic membrane in the horse?

<p>Round-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is responsible for the deviation of the basilar membrane in the cochlea?

<p>Scala vestibuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of gland found in the external acoustical meatus?

<p>Ceruminous glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the ventral expansion of the auditory tube in horses?

<p>Guttural pouch</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the auditory ossicles?

<p>To connect the tympanic membrane to the vestibular window membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that leads to the deflection of the apical hair cell stereocilia?

<p>Scala vestibuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of tissue that attaches the annular cartilage to the osseous rim of the external acoustic meatus?

<p>Dense, white, fibrous connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the tube that connects the middle ear to the pharynx?

<p>Eustachian tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the endolymphatic system in amphibians and reptiles?

<p>Control of pressure, fluid, and ion homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is derived from the neuroectoderm?

<p>Endolymphatic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the otoliths in the vestibular apparatus?

<p>Bending of stereocilia of neurosensory hair cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the cupula in the crista ampullaris?

<p>Gelatinous material</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the crista ampullaris in the semicircular duct?

<p>At the ampulla of the duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the number to the part of the ear, based off of the image.

<p>1 = Outer 2 = Middle 3 = Inner Free match = Free match</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the number to the part of the ear, based on the image.

<p>2 = Horizontal canal 3 = Annular cartilage Free match = Free match 1 = Vertical canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is number 1 referring to?

<p>Chondrocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is number 2 referring to?

<p>Dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is number 3 referring to?

<p>Elastic cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is number 4 referring to?

<p>Elastic fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is number 8 referring to?

<p>Lacuna</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is number 9 referring to?

<p>Perichondrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is number 1 referring to?

<p>Adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is number 3 referring to?

<p>Ceruminous gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is number 8 referring to?

<p>Hair follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is number 9 referring to?

<p>Pigment granule</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is number 10 referring to?

<p>Sebaceous gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the number to the correct term, in regards to the Tympanic Cavity.

<p>1 = Calvaria 2 = Brainstem 3 = Tympanic cavity 4 = Acoustic meatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is this image depicting?

<p>Tympanic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the number to the correct term, in regards to the Tympanic Membrane.

<p>15 = Tympanic cavity 16 = Tympanic membrane 3 = External auditory meatus 10 = Malleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the number to the correct term, in regards to the Guttural Pouch.

<p>2 = Internal carotid artery 3 = External carotid artery 4 = Auricularis caudalis artery 1 = Stylohyoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the number to the correct term, in regards to the Vestibular Apparatus.

<p>1 = Semicircular ducts 2 = Utricle 3 = Saccule Free match = Free match</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the number to the correct term, in regards to the vestibular apparatus.

<p>1 = Ampulla cavity 3 = Connective tissue 4 = Capula portion 6 = Otolith</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the number to the correct term, in regards to the vestibular apparatus.

<p>7 = Otolithic membrane 9 = Sensory cell, nucleus 11 = Stapes, articular cartilage 13 = Type 1 cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the number to the correct term, in regards to the Cochlea.

<p>1 = Spiral organ, hair cells 2 = Spiral ganglion 3 = Vestibular membrane Free match = Free match</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the number to the correct term, in regards to the Lateral Line Organ.

<p>2 = Mantle cells 3 = Hair cells 4 = Basal cells 1 = Sensory hairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is number 5 referring to?

<p>Sustentacular cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ear: General Info

  • The ear has three main functions: collecting auditory stimuli, transducing auditory stimuli to mechanical and nerve stimuli, and transmitting nerve impulses to the central nervous system (CNS) via the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve 3)
  • The ear is responsible for hearing and balance, with the inner ear being the organ for both hearing and equilibrium, and the external and middle ear representing a sound collecting and conducting apparatus

Organs of Equilibrium and Motion Detection

  • Organs of equilibrium and motion detection include the utricle, saccule, and semicircular ducts
  • Within these structures are specialized neuroepithelial cells: macula utriculi, macula saccule, and crista ampullaris (sensitive to angular acceleration/deceleration)

Lateral Line System and Chemoreception

  • The lateral line system in fish, larval, and adult aquatic amphibians uses tactile sense organs to detect movements and pressure changes within the surrounding water
  • Jacobson's (vomeronasal) organ is an example of a chemoreception mechanism in snakes, utilized for tongue extension and retraction to capture and detect odor particles

Cochlea

  • The cochlea is a spiral structure divided into three chambers and is the organ of hearing
  • The organ of Corti is the spiral organ within the cochlea
  • Fluid waves traveling in the Scala vestibuli result in deviation of the basilar membrane, leading to deflection of the apical hair cell stereocilia

Parts of the Ear

  • The ear can be divided into the external ear, middle ear, and inner ear
  • The external ear contains the auricle or pinna and the external auditory meatus
  • The external acoustic meatus contains ceruminous glands, which secrete cerumen (ear wax)
  • The middle ear contains the tympanic cavity, tympanic membrane (ear drum), and 3 auditory ossicles and their associated ligaments and muscles
  • The inner ear is composed of a membranous labyrinth enclosed in the temporal bone

Endolymph

  • Endolymph is a fluid within the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear that is high in potassium
  • It bathes inner ear cells, allowing them to function normally
  • The endolymphatic system results in sac-like structures behind the eyes of amphibians and reptiles, which function in controlling pressure, fluid, and ion (especially calcium) homeostasis

Vestibular Apparatus

  • The vestibular apparatus detects static equilibrium and linear acceleration, as well as rotational movement
  • Within the utricle and saccule, maculae run perpendicular to one another
  • Otoliths are located within a gelatinous membrane and their movements bend the stereocilia of neurosensory hair cells
  • The cupula is gelatinous and detects movement by the stereocilia of neurosensory hair cells

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