Human Digestive System Quiz

Salivary amylase

The stomach; pepsin

Duodenum; pancreatic lipase and bile salts

<p>HCl breaks down large proteins in the stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They break down protein segments into smaller individual amino acids in the duodenum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They break down disaccharides into monosaccharides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrous proteins are structural proteins found in body structures like bones and connective tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pancreas; it breaks down large polypeptides into smaller polypeptides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport proteins, like hemoglobin, carry molecules to specific locations or across membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes act as biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being changed by the process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antacids neutralize stomach acid, preventing further damage to the stomach lining.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rugae are folds in the stomach lining that allow the stomach to expand when food enters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accessory organs like the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder release digestive juices into the small intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutrients are absorbed through villi, which have microvilli that increase the surface area for absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pancreas produces amylase for carbohydrates, lipase for lipids, and trypsin for proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary function of the cardiac sphincter is to allow food to pass from the esophagus into the stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Villi increase the surface area of the small intestine, allowing for more efficient absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amylase begins the digestion of starch and carbohydrates in the oral cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sphincters regulate the passage of food and waste between different sections of the digestive tract, ensuring proper digestion and elimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saliva cleanses the mouth, dissolves food particles, lubricates food into a bolus, and contains amylase for digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water is primarily absorbed in the large intestine, where it helps to compact waste into feces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food is pushed through the pharynx and esophagus via swallowing and peristalsis, which are rhythmic contractions of smooth muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sections mentioned are the ascending colon, descending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, appendix, and cecum; they are important for waste processing and water absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cardiac sphincter regulates the passage of food from the esophagus into the stomach, preventing backflow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The diaphragm separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and aids in breathing, which is essential for overall digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bile aids in the emulsification of fats, allowing pancreatic enzymes to break them down into fatty acids for absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saturated fats have no double bonds in their hydrocarbon chains, resulting in straight-chain molecules, while unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds, causing kinks in the chains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triglycerides are composed of three fatty acids and glycerol, serving as a major source of long-term energy storage and providing insulation for organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cholesterol serves as the foundational molecule for all steroids, including hormones and vitamin D.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unsaturated fats are generally considered healthier as they can improve cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease, unlike saturated fats which can raise cholesterol levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amylase breaks polysaccharides into disaccharides in saliva and further breaks them into glucose monomers in the small intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After a meal, excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles, and insulin helps to bring this glucose into these storage areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When blood sugar is low, glucagon stimulates the conversion of stored glycogen back into glucose for energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fiber slows the absorption of glucose and aids in moving digestive material through the tract, contributing to fullness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles, or converted into fat in adipose tissue if glycogen stores are full.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharynx and oral cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin allows glucose to enter cells for energy use, decreasing blood sugar levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucagon prompts the liver and muscle cells to release stored glucose back into the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peristalsis moves materials in one direction through muscle contractions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sphincters are tight circular muscles that control the movement of material through the digestive tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The negative feedback mechanism maintains balance by adjusting insulin and glucagon levels based on blood glucose concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stomach is a muscular pouch with folds called rugae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin-resistant cells cannot effectively respond to insulin, preventing glucose from entering the cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin receptors are crucial for glucose uptake, as they allow insulin to act on the cells and facilitate glucose entry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peristalsis mechanically breaks food down while stomach chemicals start chemical digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ulcers can be caused by bacterial infections or taking too much ibuprofen or aspirin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After eating, blood glucose levels rise, prompting the pancreas to release insulin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A balance between insulin and glucagon is essential to prevent extremes in blood glucose that can lead to health issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thick mucus protects the stomach lining from acid damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin stimulates fat cells to take in glucose, which can then be stored as fat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food passes mixed with digestive chemicals into the duodenum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disruption of the feedback loop can lead to sustained high blood glucose levels and potential diabetes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During high blood glucose, the liver responds by taking in glucose to reduce blood sugar levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents glucose from entering cells, leading to high blood glucose levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type 1 diabetes is genetic and leads to little or no insulin production, while Type 2 diabetes is more common and relates to insulin resistance and lifestyle factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pre-diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequent urination, extreme hunger, and fatigue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complications such as heart disease and stroke.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients fast for 12 hours and then drink a glucose solution, with blood samples taken before and after consumption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>11%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It attempts to produce more insulin, but can become exhausted over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Significant deviations can lead to serious complications.</p> Signup and view all the answers