98 Questions
Which of the following is NOT one of the main steps in the digestive process?
Circulation
Which macromolecules are included in human food?
Proteins, fats, and complex carbohydrates
What are the roles of the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder in digestion?
Production and secretion of digestive enzymes and fluids
What is the function of the appendix in the human digestive system?
It is full of white blood cells for defense
Which of the following enzymes is NOT involved in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and nucleic acids in the small intestine?
Salivary amylase from the mouth
Where do the products of fat digestion cross the intestinal wall before entering the blood?
Lymphatic capillaries
What is the function of the large intestine in the human digestive system?
To absorb water and concentrate wastes
What triggers the defecation reflex in the rectum?
The accumulation of feces stretches the rectal walls
What is the main function of the small intestine?
Completing digestion with the help of intestinal enzymes
Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive system?
Stomach
Where does chemical digestion of proteins begin?
Stomach
What is the function of the epiglottis during swallowing?
To block the entry to the larynx and trachea
What is the role of the gastroesophageal sphincter?
To prevent stomach acid from splashing into the esophagus
What is the function of bile in digestion?
To assist fat digestion by emulsification
What is the role of pancreatic juice in digestion?
To decrease the acidity of chyme and adjust the pH medium for intestinal enzymes
What is the function of lysozymes in saliva?
To kill bacteria
Which of the following is NOT part of the alimentary canal in the human digestive system?
Liver
What is the purpose of enamel on teeth?
To reduce wear on the tooth
What is the correct order of food passage in the alimentary canal?
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum, and anus
What is the main function of the human digestive system?
To convert macromolecules into nutrients required for survival.
What is the role of the liver in digestion?
To produce bile that aids in fat digestion.
What is the hardest material in the human body?
Enamel
Which of the following teeth is pointed for tearing?
Canine
What is the involuntary action that directs food into the esophagus?
Swallowing reflex
Which of the following is responsible for controlling the timing of defecation?
The brain
Which of the following is responsible for absorbing most of the remaining water and storing waste?
The large intestine
During swallowing, what happens to the soft palate and epiglottis?
The soft palate moves back and the epiglottis is pushed down
What is the main function of the pancreas in digestion?
To secrete pancreatic juice which contains digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonates which acts as a buffer
What is the purpose of villi in the small intestine?
To increase surface area for digestion and absorption.
What are the three juices that mix with food in the small intestine?
Intestinal juice, pancreatic juice, and bile.
Where do products of fat digestion cross the intestinal wall before entering the blood?
Lymphatic capillaries.
What is the function of the large intestine in the digestive system?
To absorb water and concentrate wastes to form feces.
What are the main functions of the digestive system?
The main functions of the digestive system are to break down food into nutrients that can be absorbed, and to eliminate waste products from the body.
What are the three types of macromolecules found in human food?
The three types of macromolecules found in human food are proteins, fats, and complex carbohydrates.
What is the process of nutrient absorption in the digestive system?
The process of nutrient absorption in the digestive system involves movement of nutrient molecules into cells that line the digestive tract, and then into the circulation (blood or lymph)
What are the main processes of the digestive system and what are their definitions?
The main processes of the digestive system are: ingestion (taking in food), digestion (breaking down food), absorption (taking in nutrients), and elimination (getting rid of waste).
What is peristalsis and how does it function in the digestive system?
Peristalsis is a type of movement that propels food through the alimentary canal in the digestive system. It involves the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles in the walls of the digestive organs, which creates a wave-like motion that moves food along.
What is the function of the duodenum in the small intestine?
The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine, and its function is to receive secretions from the pancreas, liver, and gall bladder. It is also the part of the small intestine where digestion is completed with the help of intestinal enzymes.
What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion?
Mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces, whereas chemical digestion involves the breaking down of food molecules into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body. Carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars, proteins into amino acids, and fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
What are the three main functions of the stomach and how does it accomplish them?
The three main functions of the stomach are to mix and store food, secrete substances that begin to break down food, and control the passage of food into the small intestine. It accomplishes these functions through the presence of smooth muscles and a glandular epithelium in the lining that secretes gastric juice containing acid and enzymes that digest proteins, and mucus that protects the stomach wall.
What is the role of bile salts in fat digestion and where does emulsification of fats occur in the digestive system?
Bile salts assist in fat digestion by emulsification, breaking down fat globules into fat droplets. Emulsification of fats occurs in the small intestine.
What is the function of pancreatic juice and how does it protect the intestinal lining during digestion?
Pancreatic juice contains digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonates which act as a buffer. The buffer decreases the acidity of chyme, protecting the intestinal lining and adjusting the pH medium for intestinal enzymes.
What are the four types of teeth found in the human mouth and what is their function in the digestive process?
The four types of teeth are incisors (cutting), canines (tearing), premolars (grinding), and molars (crushing). Their function is to mechanically break down food into smaller pieces for easier digestion.
What are the three layers of a human tooth and what is the function of enamel?
The three layers of a human tooth are enamel (outer layer), dentin (middle layer) and pulp (inner layer). Enamel is the hardest material in the body and covers the exposed surface of the tooth (crown), reducing wear and protecting the tooth from damage.
What is the function of saliva in the digestive process?
Saliva contains enzymes, such as amylase, that chemically break down food into smaller particles that can be absorbed. It also contains proteins that form mucus which makes small food bits stick together for easy swallowing and lysozymes that kill bacteria.
What is the function of the pharynx and esophagus in the digestive process?
The pharynx is the entrance to the digestive and respiratory systems and is responsible for swallowing food. The esophagus is the muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach and directs food down to the stomach through a series of involuntary muscle contractions.
What is the function of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?
Villi and microvilli increase the surface area for digestion and absorption in the small intestine.
What is the function of the appendix in the digestive system?
The appendix has no digestive function, but is full of white blood cells for defense.
What is the role of the pancreas in digestion and where does protein digestion begin?
The pancreas secretes enzymes that aid in digestion in the small intestine. Protein digestion begins in the stomach.
Which organs are considered accessory organs in the digestive system and what are their functions?
The accessory organs of the digestive system are the salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas. Their functions include producing and secreting digestive enzymes, storing and releasing bile, and producing and secreting hormones that regulate digestion.
What is the function of the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder in digestion?
The liver produces bile which is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats. The pancreas produces enzymes that help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, and also produces bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid as food enters the small intestine.
What are the three macronutrients found in human food and how are they digested?
The three macronutrients found in human food are proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Proteins are broken down into amino acids by enzymes in the stomach and small intestine. Fats are broken down by bile and enzymes in the small intestine into fatty acids and glycerol. Carbohydrates are broken down by enzymes in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine into simple sugars like glucose.
What are the two main categories of components in the human digestive system and what are some examples of organs in each category?
The two main categories are the alimentary canal and accessory organs. Organs in the alimentary canal include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum, and anus. Accessory organs include salivary glands, gall bladder, liver, and pancreas.
What are the functions of the mouth in the digestive process and what are the three pairs of salivary glands that secrete saliva?
The mouth is where mechanical and chemical digestion begins. The mouth includes the lips, tongue, palate, gums (gingiva), and teeth. The three pairs of salivary glands that secrete saliva are the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands.
What are the four types of teeth that humans have and what is the function of each type?
The four types of teeth that humans have are incisors (chisel-shaped for cutting), canines (pointed for tearing), premolars (fairly flat for grinding), and molars (more flattened for crushing).
What is the function of saliva in chemical digestion and what are the components of saliva that aid in digestion?
Saliva contains enzymes that break down food into smaller particles that can be absorbed. Saliva also contains amylase, a digestive enzyme that breaks down starch into disaccharides. Saliva also contains proteins that form mucus, which makes small food bits stick together for easy swallow, and lysozymes that kill bacteria.
What is the purpose of the epiglottis during swallowing?
To block the entry to the larynx and trachea, directing food to the esophagus.
What is the function of the gastroesophageal sphincter?
To open and allow passage of food into the stomach and then close to prevent stomach acid from splashing into the esophagus.
What is the role of bile salts in fat digestion?
To emulsify fat globules into fat droplets mechanically.
What is the function of sodium bicarbonate in pancreatic juice?
To act as a buffer, decreasing the acidity of chyme and protecting the intestinal lining.
The digestive system converts macromolecules into ______ including amino acids, lipid molecules, nucleotides, and simple sugars
nutrients
The main steps in the digestive process include ingestion, digestion, nutrient absorption, and ______
elimination
After studying Chapter 22 in Biology (Biol-222), you will be able to compare and contrast the digestion of the three ______
macronutrients
______ prevents food from entering the larynx.
d. The epiglottis.
______ is an organ of the alimentary tract.
b. Small intestine.
Chemical digestion of proteins start in which of the following?
c. Stomach.
The brain controls the timing of ______.
defecation.
During swallowing, the _______ moves back and closes the nasal cavity, and a flap-like epiglottis is pushed down to block the entry to larynx
soft palate
The bolus enters the _______ and the soft palate closes the nasal cavity.
pharynx
The stomach is a muscular stretchable sac which mixes and stores food, secretes substances that begin to break down food, and controls the passage of food into the _______.
small intestine
Bile salts assist fat digestion by _______ , breakdown of fat globules into fat droplets.
emulsification
Most of food digestion, and nutrient absorption take place in the ______
small intestine
Products of carbohydrate digestion (simple sugars e.g. glucose), and protein digestion (amino acids) diffuse through the intestinal wall into the ______
blood capillaries
Products of fat digestion (fatty acids and glycerol) cross the intestinal wall into ______ capillaries then to the blood.
lymphatic
Most of the remaining water is absorbed in the ______ intestine so wastes are concentrated, and feces is formed.
large
The human digestive system is divided into two main categories: the alimentary canal and ________ organs.
accessory
Food passes through the alimentary canal in the following direction: mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum, and _________.
anus
Tooth decay occurs due to bacteria which converts food into ________ plaque that dissolves the tooth making holes (cavity).
acidic
Chemical digestion is the enzymatic breakdown of food into smaller particles that can be absorbed. Saliva contains ________ which is a digestive enzyme that breaks starch down to disaccharides.
amylase
The liver produces and secretes ______ into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats
bile
The ______ is responsible for storing and releasing bile to aid in the digestion of fats
gallbladder
The movement of nutrient molecules into cells that line the digestive tract and then into the circulation is known as ______
nutrient absorption
The final part of the large intestine is the _______.
rectum
The brain controls the timing of _______.
defecation
The first part of the small intestine (duodenum) receives secretions from the pancreas, liver, and gall bladder. It is the part where digestion is completed with the help of _______ enzymes.
intestinal
The stomach breaks down food into semiliquid _______.
chyme
Food passes in the alimentary canal in the following direction: mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum, and ______.
anus
The mouth contains three pairs of ______ glands which secrete saliva.
salivary
Tooth decay occurs due to bacteria which converts food into acidic plaque that dissolves the tooth making ______ (cavity).
holes
Chemical digestion: Enzymatic breakdown of food into smaller particles that can be ______. Saliva contains amylase (digestive enzyme that breaks starch down to disaccharides).
absorbed
Chyme is forced through sphincter into the ______ (the longest, 4-7 meter).
small intestine
Lining of intestine is highly folded, each fold forms multicelled projections called ______.
villi
All these increase the surface area for ______ and absorption.
digestion
Ions and vitamins made by bacteria in the large intestine are also absorbed to ______.
blood
During swallowing, the soft palate moves back and closes the nasal cavity, and a flap-like epiglottis is pushed down to block the entry to larynx (glottis) and trachea, so the food is directed to the ______.
esophagus
The passage of food is controlled by ring of muscles known as ______.
sphincters
The Stomach is a muscular stretchable sac which:1. Mixes and stores food. 2. Secretes substances that begin to break down food. 3. Controls the passage of food into the ______.
small intestine
Bile salts assist fat digestion by emulsification, breakdown of fat globules into fat droplets (i.e. mechanical). Emulsification of fats occurs in the ______.
small intestine
Test your knowledge of the human digestive system with this Biol-222 quiz. Learn about the process of swallowing and the role of peristalsis in moving food down the esophagus. See if you can identify the correct entry point for the bolus as it enters the pharynx.
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