Human Digestive System Quiz

The process of taking food and drink into the body.

The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed.

The movement of food through the digestive tract, propelled by muscle contractions.

The uptake of nutrients from the digestive tract into the bloodstream.

The process by which cells use nutrients for energy, growth, and repair.

The removal of waste products from the body.

The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules, often involves enzymes.

The physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces through chewing and muscular contractions.

The breakdown of food into smaller pieces without changing the chemical composition of the food molecules.

A long, muscular tube that runs through the body, from the mouth to the anus. It's where food travels during digestion.

The process of breaking down food using the teeth.

The process of breaking down food using enzymes.

A watery fluid produced by salivary glands that contains the enzyme amylase.

An enzyme found in saliva that breaks down starch into simpler sugars.

A muscular organ that mixes food with gastric juice and churns it into chyme.

A mixture of partially digested food and gastric juices.

A fluid secreted by the stomach containing pepsin and hydrochloric acid.

An enzyme found in gastric juice that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides.

A strong acid found in gastric juice that kills bacteria and helps activate pepsin.

A large organ that produces bile, stores digested food, and regulates blood sugar levels.

A green fluid produced by the liver that helps digest fats.

The colon doesn't produce enzymes, but it's home to trillions of bacteria that help break down undigested food like sugars.

The bacteria in the colon break down sugars into simpler molecules called monosaccharides.

The bacteria in the colon also break down fats into fatty acids, which can be absorbed.

One of the colon's byproducts is gas, which is naturally released from the body.

The colon absorbs some of the monosaccharides and fatty acids produced by bacteria.

The process by which smaller molecules, produced during digestion, are taken up by the body's cells to be used for growth, energy or repair.

Tiny, finger-like projections that increase the surface area of the ileum, maximizing nutrient absorption.

Microscopic projections on the surface of villi, further increasing the surface area for efficient nutrient absorption.

A specialized lymphatic vessel found within each villus that absorbs digested fats.

A dense network of small blood vessels within each villus that transports absorbed nutrients to the body.

The movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration.

The process by which digested fats (triglycerides) are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol.

A complex sugar that is the primary source of energy for the body's cells.

The building blocks of proteins, which are essential for many bodily functions.

The process by which cells obtain energy from glucose, breaking it down to release ATP.

The removal of undigested food remains from the body through the anus.

The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules using enzymes.

The physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces, like chewing or churning.

The salivary glands produce saliva, containing the enzyme amylase, which breaks down starch into simpler sugars.

Trypsin is produced in the pancreas and secreted into the small intestine. It breaks down proteins into smaller peptides.

The ileum is adapted for absorption because it has a large surface area due to villi and microvilli, which increases the area for nutrient uptake. It also has a rich blood supply to transport absorbed nutrients.

The liver produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine. Bile emulsifies fats, increasing their surface area for digestion by lipase.

The large intestine absorbs water and some minerals, forming feces. The feces are then eliminated through the anus.

The rectum is the last part of the large intestine, where feces are stored before elimination.

The anus is the opening at the end of the digestive tract where feces are eliminated from the body.

The liver produces bile, which aids in the digestion of lipids.

Bile is stored in the gallbladder until it's needed for digestion.

Bile is released into the duodenum (first part of the small intestine) to aid in lipid digestion.

Bile salts are components of bile that help break down lipids.

Emulsification is the process of breaking down large fat globules into smaller droplets.

The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum, containing enzymes vital for digestion.

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in pancreatic juice neutralizes stomach acid, creating an optimal alkaline environment for enzymes.

Pancreatic amylase breaks down starch into smaller sugar molecules called maltose.

Trypsin, a protease enzyme in pancreatic juice, breaks down proteins into smaller peptides.

Lipase, an enzyme in pancreatic juice, breaks down lipids (fats, oils) into fatty acids and glycerol.

The small intestine is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption.

Villi and microvilli are finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption.

Nutrients are transported through the circulatory system (blood) and lymphatic system.

Sugars, amino acids, and salts are actively transported into epithelial cells of the small intestine.

Microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestine, allowing nutrients to be absorbed more efficiently.