Human Digestive System Quiz

Part of the digestive system where most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur.

The first part of the small intestine (10 inches long), receiving chyme from the stomach.

A hormone that stimulates the secretion of pancreatic juice and bile.

Ring-like contractions in the small intestine that mix food with digestive juices.

Wave-like contractions that move food residue through the small intestine to the large intestine.

Absorbs water from undigested food, forming feces.

The pouch-like beginning of the large intestine.

Regulates food movement from small to large intestine.

Digests food, creates vitamins, protects gut.

Cecum, ascending, transverse, descending,sigmoid, rectum

A network of nerves within the digestive system, regulating its functions, like motility and blood flow.

Layers of peritoneum holding digestive organs, containing blood vessels, lymph, and nodes.

The entry point to the digestive system, also called the mouth.

Secrete saliva containing water, mucus, enzymes, and antibacterial compounds for moistening, bacteria killing, and digestion.

Major salivary gland located near the ear; inflammation leads to mumps.

The stomach stores food, breaks it down, mixes it with gastric juice to create chyme, and moves it to the intestines for further digestion.

Semi-fluid mixture of food and gastric juice produced by the stomach.

Structures in the stomach that produce gastric juice.

The first phase of gastric secretion, triggered by the sight, smell, taste, or thought of food.

The lower portion of the stomach where chyme exits into the duodenum.

The tube-like pathway from mouth to anus, including mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.

Organs that aid digestion, but are not part of the main digestive tract; include teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.

The four tissue layers (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa) that form the wall of the digestive tract.

Innermost tissue layer of the digestive tract, secreting mucus, enzymes and hormones; absorbing nutrients and protecting against disease.

Support digestion by producing digestive juices, enzymes, and hormones. Examples include salivary glands, liver, pancreas.

Saliva moistens and lubricates food, forming a bolus for swallowing, and contains enzymes like amylase (starch) and lipase (fat) initiating chemical digestion.

Teeth mechanically break down food into smaller pieces for swallowing and saliva mixing prior to chemical digestion.

The pharynx is a passageway leading food to the esophagus and air to the lungs. Food travels through the oropharynx and laryngopharynx, while air travels through the other sections.

A muscular tube transporting food from the pharynx to the stomach using peristalsis. Lubrication and prevention of backflow of stomach acid are important.

The moistened ball of chewed food created in the mouth by saliva, ready to be swallowed and pass to the pharynx.

Digestion of carbohydrates starts in the mouth with amylase, continues with pancreatic amylase, and ends with glucose absorption.

Proteins are broken down into amino acids using proteases, primarily in the stomach and small intestine.

Fats are not water-soluble and must be broken down into smaller droplets (emulsified) by bile before pancreatic lipase can digest them.

Fat digestion involves bile breaking down fats into smaller droplets, enabling pancreatic lipase to digest fats for absorption.

Most nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine after being broken down by enzymes.

The liver stores and releases glucose, processes vitamins and minerals, filters toxins, and recycles old red blood cells.

The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile, produced by the liver.

The pancreas releases insulin and glucagon for blood sugar regulation.

Gastric juice secretion begins when food enters the stomach, mainly because of brain signals.

Chyme reaching the duodenum triggers signals that inhibit further gastric secretion