50 Questions
What do we need to do to get energy?
We need to eat food.
From which part of our body do we eat food?
We eat food through our mouth.
What happens to the eaten food?
The eaten food should be digested.
What is digestion?
Digestion is the process of breaking down complex food into simple absorbable forms.
What is the system formed by a group of organs responsible for digestion called?
It is called the digestive system.
Which organs form the alimentary canal?
Mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.
What is the first part of the digestive tract?
The mouth is the first part.
What glands are found around the mouth?
Salivary glands.
What are the two main parts of the digestive system?
Alimentary canal and digestive glands
Where does the alimentary canal begin and end?
Mouth to anus
Name three organs that are part of the alimentary canal.
Stomach, small intestine, large intestine
Which gland is found in the buccal cavity?
Salivary glands
List two digestive glands other than salivary glands.
Pancreas and liver
What are the three regions of the stomach?
Fundus, body, antrum
Which part of the small intestine is connected to the liver and pancreas?
Duodenum
What are the three parts of the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
How long is the large intestine?
About 1.5 meters
What are the four parts of the large intestine?
Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, rectum and anus
Where is stool stored before defecation?
Descending colon
What separates the anus from the rectum?
Anorectal line
What is the function of digestive glands?
Produce enzymes
What are the four stages of food processing in the human body?
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and egestion
What is the function of the salivary glands in digestion?
The salivary glands secrete saliva, which softens the food in the mouth.
How does food move from the mouth to the stomach?
Food moves from the mouth to the stomach through the pharynx and esophagus.
What role does hydrochloric acid play in digestion within the stomach?
Hydrochloric acid kills microbes present in the food.
What happens during the absorption stage of digestion?
Nutrients are taken in by cells.
What is the primary purpose of eating food?
To get energy.
How does the digestive system change complex food materials?
It changes them into a simple absorbable form.
What role do enzymes play in the digestive system?
They help in digestion of food.
What does the digestive system do with undigested food particles?
It removes them from the body.
Which gas do we take into our body during respiration?
Oxygen.
Which gas do we expel from our body during respiration?
Carbon dioxide.
What organs are primarily involved in the respiratory system?
Larynx, windpipe, and lungs.
Can we live without breathing?
No.
What are the four accessory organs that help break down food in the small intestine?
The salivary glands, the liver, the pancreas, and the gall bladder.
What is the main secretion of the salivary glands?
Saliva
Where is the liver located in the human body?
In the upper part of the abdominal cavity
What is the primary function of bile produced by the liver?
To aid in the digestion of fats
What are the exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas?
The exocrine function helps in digestion, and the endocrine function regulates blood sugar.
Through what does the pancreas deliver digestive juice to the small intestine?
Through small tubes called ducts
What substance does the gall bladder store?
Bile
When does the gall bladder release bile into the small intestine?
When needed
What is the main function of the digestive system?
Breaking down food into smaller particles that the body can absorb and use.
What connects the mouth to the esophagus?
Pharynx
What is the role of the stomach in the digestive system?
Temporarily stores food and secretes gastric juices.
Name the three parts of the small intestine.
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Which organ processes waste in the digestive system?
Large intestine
What does the liver produce to aid in fat digestion?
Bile
Which gland produces saliva and what is its function?
Salivary glands; starts the digestion of carbohydrates.
How long is the large intestine approximately?
1.5 meters
Study Notes
Digestive System
- The digestive system is a group of organs that digest the food we eat.
- It consists of the alimentary canal (digestive tract) and digestive glands.
Alimentary Canal (Digestive Tract)
- The alimentary canal begins from the mouth and ends in the anus.
- It consists of the mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum, and anus.
Mouth
- The mouth is the first organ of the digestive system.
- It forms the opening of the alimentary canal.
- The mouth consists of teeth and tongue, and various salivary glands are found on the wall of the buccal cavity.
Pharynx
- The pharynx is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the esophagus.
- It is divided into three parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
Esophagus
- The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach.
Stomach
- The stomach is a J-shaped muscular bag that temporarily stores food.
- It is located between the esophagus and the duodenum.
- The inner wall of the stomach consists of a large number of gastric glands.
Small Intestine
- The small intestine is approximately 5 to 10 meters long and is composed of three parts: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
- The duodenum is the initial part of the small intestine and connects to the stomach and pancreas.
- The jejunum is the middle part of the small intestine.
- The ileum is the posterior part of the small intestine.
- It is involved in the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.
Large Intestine (Colon)
- The large intestine is about 1.5 meters long and is divided into four parts: the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus.
- It is responsible for processing waste.
- It takes on average 36 hours for waste to move through the large intestine and exit through the rectum.
Rectum
- The rectum is the last portion of the large intestine.
- It stores fecal matter before it is eliminated through the anus.
Anus
- The anus is the opening at the end of the digestive tract, through which waste leaves the body.
Digestive Glands
- The digestive system also relies on various chemicals to aid in the process of breaking down food.
- These are produced by special glands including salivary glands, gastric glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.
Salivary Glands
- Salivary glands produce saliva, which contains enzymes that start the process of digesting carbohydrates.
Pancreas
- The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice, which contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Liver
- The liver produces bile, which aids in the digestion of fats.
Gallbladder
- The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile, which is then released into the small intestine.
Process of Digestion in Human Body
- There are four stages of food processing in the human body: ingestion, digestion, absorption, and egestion.
- Food is taken into the mouth and chewed with the help of teeth.
- Salivary glands secrete saliva, which softens the food in the mouth.
- After chewing, the food is swallowed into the pharynx, which finally reaches the stomach through the esophagus (food pipe).
- The wall of the stomach secretes gastric juice, which contains hydrochloric acid that kills microbes present in the food.
Functions of Digestive System
- The digestive system ingests food into our body.
- It acts on complex food material and changes it into simple absorbable form.
- It secretes various enzymes that help in digestion of food.
- It absorbs nutrients required for the body.
- It helps remove undigested food particles from our body.
Identify and discuss the different aspects of the human digestive system, including the importance of eating, how food is digested, and what happens if we don't eat.
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