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Questions and Answers
What is selective breeding used to determine?
What is selective breeding used to determine?
What contributes to attributes like activity level and emotionality in rats, mice, and chickens?
What contributes to attributes like activity level and emotionality in rats, mice, and chickens?
What is the term for the percentage of pairs of people studied in which a particular trait is displayed by both individuals?
What is the term for the percentage of pairs of people studied in which a particular trait is displayed by both individuals?
What is the primary focus of Gregor Mendel's study?
What is the primary focus of Gregor Mendel's study?
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What type of study involves examining the traits of twins raised apart?
What type of study involves examining the traits of twins raised apart?
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What is the term for the overgeneralization of cultural differences?
What is the term for the overgeneralization of cultural differences?
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What is the term for a biological category that is also a social construct?
What is the term for a biological category that is also a social construct?
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What is the combination of economic and social factors that describe an individual or family?
What is the combination of economic and social factors that describe an individual or family?
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What is the term that refers to the proportion of all the variability in a trait within a large sample of people that can be linked to genetic differences among those individuals?
What is the term that refers to the proportion of all the variability in a trait within a large sample of people that can be linked to genetic differences among those individuals?
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Which type of Gene-Environment Correlation involves the child's genotype evoking certain kind of reactions from other people?
Which type of Gene-Environment Correlation involves the child's genotype evoking certain kind of reactions from other people?
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What is the concept that focuses on the degree to which development involves either gradual, cumulative change or distinct stages?
What is the concept that focuses on the degree to which development involves either gradual, cumulative change or distinct stages?
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What is the term that refers to the unfolding of natural sequence of physical change and behavior patterns?
What is the term that refers to the unfolding of natural sequence of physical change and behavior patterns?
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Which type of influence stems from the outside, starting from conception throughout life?
Which type of influence stems from the outside, starting from conception throughout life?
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What is the scientific study of the extent to which genetic and environmental differences among people and animals are responsible for differences in their traits?
What is the scientific study of the extent to which genetic and environmental differences among people and animals are responsible for differences in their traits?
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What is the term that refers to the unique experiences that are not shared with other members of the family?
What is the term that refers to the unique experiences that are not shared with other members of the family?
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What is the term that refers to a concept or practice that is an invention of a particular culture or society?
What is the term that refers to a concept or practice that is an invention of a particular culture or society?
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What is the concept that emphasizes the study of human development as a lifelong process?
What is the concept that emphasizes the study of human development as a lifelong process?
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What is the term that refers to the process of genes turning on and off in patterned ways throughout the lifespan?
What is the term that refers to the process of genes turning on and off in patterned ways throughout the lifespan?
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Which of the following is a factor that contributes to individual differences in emotionality?
Which of the following is a factor that contributes to individual differences in emotionality?
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What is the term that refers to the effects of genes depending on the environment we experience and how we respond to the environment?
What is the term that refers to the effects of genes depending on the environment we experience and how we respond to the environment?
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Which perspective views development as lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual?
Which perspective views development as lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual?
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What is the term that refers to the influence of heredity on intelligence?
What is the term that refers to the influence of heredity on intelligence?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to individual differences in emotionality?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to individual differences in emotionality?
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What is the term that refers to the study of the systematic processes of change and stability in people?
What is the term that refers to the study of the systematic processes of change and stability in people?
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Study Notes
Perspectives on Nature and Nurture
- Human Development focuses on the scientific study of systematic processes of change and stability in people.
- Life-Span Development views human development as a lifelong process that can be studied scientifically.
- Life-Span Perspective views development as lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual, involving growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss.
Domains of Development
- Physical Development: growth of the body and brain, sensory capacities, motor skills, and health.
- Cognitive Development: learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.
- Psychosocial Development: emotions, personality, and social relationships.
Gene-Environment Interaction
- Genes turn on and off in patterned ways throughout the lifespan (Epigenetics).
- Gene-Environment Interaction: the effects of genes depend on the environment we experience, and how we respond to the environment depends on what genes we have.
- Intelligence is strongly influenced by heredity, but also affected by parental stimulation, education, peer influence, and others.
- 3 factors that contribute to individual differences in emotionality: Genes, Shared Environmental Influences, and Nonshared Environmental Influences.
Gene-Environment Correlations
- Passive Gene-Environment: parent's provision for their children is influenced partly by the parents' genotypes.
- Evocative Gene-Environment: child's genotype evokes certain kind of reactions from other people.
- Active Gene-Environment: children's genotype influences the kinds of environment they seek.
Heredity and Environment
- Heredity: consists of inborn traits and characteristics provided by the child's parents (Nature).
- Environment: influences stem from the outside body, starting from conception throughout life (Nurture).
- Heritability: proportion of all the variability in the trait within a large sample of people that can be linked to genetic differences among those individuals.
###Individual Differences and Context of Development
- Individual differences: people differ in gender, height, weight, and body build; in health and energy level, etc.
- Context of Development:
- Family: Nuclear and Extended Family.
- Socioeconomic Status: combination of economic and social factors describing an individual or family.
- Culture: society's or group's total way of life.
- Ethnic Gloss: overgeneralization that obscures or blurs variations.
- Race: identifiable biological category, is more accurately defined social construct.
- Gender.
- History.
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Description
Explore the concepts of human development, including the life-span perspective and domains of development such as physical growth. Learn about the scientific study of human development and its various aspects.
