51 Questions
At what age does maximum perceptual development take place according to the text?
Three and a half to seven years old
Which sense is mature at birth and is noted to be the most preferred taste for infants?
Taste
When does depth perception typically begin to develop in infants according to the text?
Between six to eight months
What device was used to test the existence of depth perception in children according to the text?
Visual cliff
How do infants learn according to the text?
Through sensory experiences and perception
What is a neonate?
A child who is 4 weeks old or younger
Which of the following best describes motor behavior?
Bodily motion resulting from self-initiated force
How does motor development change as children get older?
It becomes more sophisticated
What contributes to motor development according to cross-cultural research?
Early moving opportunities and a stimulating environment
How can child-rearing practices impact a baby's motor development?
By changing the baby's moving opportunities and environment
Which stage is characterized by extremely rapid growth and development?
Infancy (0-2 years)
At what age does motor development begin to level out somewhat?
2 years old
Which motor behavior skills typically appear during early childhood (2-6 years)?
Basic locomotor and ball-handling skills
How does climbing typically evolve in early childhood according to the text?
From creeping
At what age does eye-hand coordination develop to be very good according to the text?
9 years old
What is a characteristic of sensory development related to vision according to the text?
Vision takes longer to develop than other senses
When can a neonate discriminate the sound of their mother's voice according to the text?
3 days old
When does depth perception typically begin to develop in infants according to the text?
Between 6 and 8 months of age
At what age does maximum perceptual development take place according to the text?
Between 3.5 and 7 years of age
What is the significance of the visual cliff in child psychology?
It assesses depth perception in children
How are infants described in terms of their sensory abilities at birth?
They have mature touch, taste, and smell senses
Which statement best describes the process of perceptual development in infants?
Infants actively participate in acquiring and interpreting perceptual information
At what age does sensory development in vision suggest that infants first open their eyes?
3 days old
Which statement best describes the sensory development of hearing in neonates?
Neonates can hear nearly as well as adults, prefer human voice frequencies, and can discriminate their mother's voice as early as 3 days old.
During which stage of motor development do skills like running, jumping, and skipping typically appear?
Stage 2 - Early Childhood (2-6 years)
In sensory development, which sense is noted to mature prior to birth and is preferred by neonates?
Hearing
What is a characteristic of sensory development related to vision in newborns according to the text?
Visual focus is relatively fixed at about 9 inches from the cornea after opening eyes.
Which statement accurately describes the motor development in children up to 6 years old?
Walking evolves into basic locomotor skills like running, jumping, hopping, galloping, and skipping.
What is the defining characteristic of the behaviors of a neonate?
They are reflexive, unlearned reactions to stimuli.
Which factor is highlighted in cross-cultural research as contributing to motor development?
Early moving opportunities and a stimulating environment
During which stage of motor development do children become steadier and more flexible in their movements?
Infancy (0-2 years)
What is the term used to describe bodily motion resulting from self-initiated force that moves bones and muscles?
Motor behavior
Which concept suggests that motor patterns may be innately programmed and activated at specific times?
Nature
At what age is an individual typically considered a neonate?
1 month old or younger
What skills typically appear during early childhood (2-6 years) in terms of motor behavior?
Basic locomotor and ball-handling skills
At what age does eye-hand coordination develop to be very good according to the text?
9 years old
What type of movement typically evolves from creeping according to the text?
Running and jumping
What is a characteristic of sensory development related to vision in newborns according to the text?
Fixed visual focus at 9 inches
How is sensory development related to hearing described in neonates according to the text?
Preference for human voice frequencies
When does sensory development in vision suggest that infants first open their eyes?
At birth
What is the defining characteristic of motor behavior according to the text?
Behavior resulting from self-initiated force moving bones and muscles
In the context of motor development, what does the term 'neonate' refer to?
A baby who is 4 weeks old or younger
Which factor is suggested by cross-cultural research to contribute to motor development?
Limited opportunities for movement
During infancy (0-2 years), what marks the first stage of motor development?
Rapid growth and development
Which statement best explains the nature versus nurture debate in motor development?
Early moving opportunities and a stimulating environment influence motor development
What characterizes the behaviors of a neonate according to the text?
Involuntary, reflexive responses to stimuli
At what age does depth perception typically start to develop in infants according to the text?
6-8 months
What is the significance of the visual cliff device developed by Cornell University psychologists?
Assessing infants' depth perception
Which sense is mature at birth and is most preferred in terms of taste for infants?
Taste
When does maximum perceptual development typically occur in children according to the text?
Between 3.5 and 7 years
What defines perception according to the text?
The integration and interpretation of complex sensory patterns
Study Notes
Perceptual Development
- Perception is the higher-order process of integrating, recognizing, and interpreting complex patterns of sensations
- Perceptual development is an active process: the infant actively participates in acquiring and interpreting perceptual information
- Maximum perceptual development takes place between the ages of three and a half and seven years of age
- Infants learn through perceptual experience: perception leads to new knowledge, which in turn influences future perception
Sensory Development
- Touch, taste, and smell are mature at birth; prefers sweet taste
- Can distinguish the smell of their mothers from the smell of an unfamiliar woman
- Hearing: begins prior to birth and is mature at birth
- Infant prefers frequencies of the human voice
- Neonates can hear nearly as well as adults
- A neonate can discriminate the sound of their mother’s voice as early as 3-days old
- Vision takes longer to develop than other senses
- When the newborn first opens his eyes, his/her visual focus is relatively fixed at about 9 inches from the cornea, which is approximately the distance between him and his mother’s face during nursing
- Eye muscles are weak; hence eye coordination is poor
Motor Development
- Motor development is the progressive change in movement throughout the life cycle
- Motor development becomes more sophisticated as the child gets older and they become steadier and more flexible in their movements
- Motor development is influenced by both nature and nurture
- Cross-cultural research has shown that early moving opportunities and a stimulating environment contribute to motor development
- Different child-rearing practices may change a baby’s moving opportunities and environment and therefore affect motor development
- Motor patterns could also be seen as being innately programmed and become activated at specific times
Motor Development Stages
- Stage 1: Infancy (0-2 years)
- Marked by extremely rapid growth and development
- By the age of 2 years old, this development has begun to level out somewhat
- Stage 2: Early Childhood (2-6 years)
- Characterized as the period of the most rapid development of motor behaviors
- Skills that appear are:
- Basic locomotor
- Ball-handling
- Fine eye-hand coordination
- Walking leads to running, jumping, hopping, galloping, and skipping
- Climbing evolves from creeping
- Stage 3: Later Childhood (6-12 years)
- The final stage does not have any marked new developments, rather it is characterized by the mastering and development of the skills achieved in the first two stages
- By 9 years eye-hand coordination has developed to being very good
- Growth is relatively slow
- This stage is terminated by the onset of puberty
- Motor skills are perfected and stabilized
Test your knowledge on the physical development of neonates and motor development during early years. Learn about reflexive behaviors, motor behavior, and progressive changes in movement throughout life.
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