Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the definition of a cohort?
What is the definition of a cohort?
Which of the following represents normative age-graded influences?
Which of the following represents normative age-graded influences?
What does the term 'non-normative influences' refer to?
What does the term 'non-normative influences' refer to?
What best describes the concept of plasticity in human development?
What best describes the concept of plasticity in human development?
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What is cross-sequential research?
What is cross-sequential research?
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What does the term 'epigenetics' refer to?
What does the term 'epigenetics' refer to?
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Which statement best describes the nature-nurture debate?
Which statement best describes the nature-nurture debate?
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What distinguishes a 'critical period' from a 'sensitive period' in development?
What distinguishes a 'critical period' from a 'sensitive period' in development?
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How is the concept of multi-contextual development best described?
How is the concept of multi-contextual development best described?
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What does the lifespan perspective emphasize about human development?
What does the lifespan perspective emphasize about human development?
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Study Notes
Understanding Human Development
- Human development studies how individuals change throughout their lives, considering various ages and conditions.
Nature vs. Nurture
- Nature: Involves genetic influences inherited at conception.
- Nurture: Environmental factors impacting development, including personal experiences.
- Epigenetics: Refers to environmental factors affecting genetic expressions.
- Differential susceptibility: Highlights how experiences vary based on genetic predispositions.
Heredity & Environment
- Human characteristics are influenced by epigenetics, representing the interaction between environmental factors and genetic inheritance.
Life Span Perspective
- Development is multi-directional, changing in numerous ways over time; characterized by both gains and losses.
- Variations in the pace of change exist; development is not strictly linear and can include continuity and discontinuity.
Critical and Sensitive Periods
- Critical periods: Specific times where particular developments are essential for normal growth.
- Sensitive periods: Times when certain developments occur most effectively.
Contextual Influences on Development
- Multi-contextual: Development is impacted by various social contexts - individuals are influenced by their immediate environment and historical background.
- Cohorts: Groups of individuals born within a few years, sharing similar experiences.
Normative Influences
- Normative age-graded: Biological or environmental events affecting groups similarly, like puberty or social events.
- Normative history-graded: Historical events impacting attitudes of those who experience them, such as wars and social movements.
Non-Normative Influences
- Unusual events that influence individual lives, like atypical life experiences occurring at unexpected times (e.g., late puberty, winning the lottery).
Socioeconomic Context
- Socioeconomic status (SES): Influences development through income, education, and neighborhood, intertwined with age and cohort factors.
Cultural Context
- Culture: Shapes behavior and expectations through shared beliefs and social norms.
- Social construction: Understanding based on collective perceptions rather than objective realities.
- Challenges inherent in viewing differences as deficits; promotes respect for various cultures and groups.
Plasticity in Development
- Plasticity: Humans are capable of change; traits can adapt and evolve over time.
- Dynamic systems: Development is a continuous interplay between physical and emotional aspects, and individual environments, including family and society.
Research Methods in Development
- Cross-sectional research: Comparison of different age groups at a single point in time.
- Longitudinal research: Collecting data on the same individuals repeatedly over time.
- Cross-sequential research: Combines both cross-sectional and longitudinal methods to study various age groups over a period.
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Description
Explore the intricate balance of genetic and environmental influences on human development in this quiz. Delve into the nature-nurture debate and discover how each aspect contributes to our behaviors, emotions, and characteristics. Aimed at understanding the science behind human changes over time.
