Human Development Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between growth and development?

  • Growth is quantitative and value neutral, while development is qualitative and value positive. (correct)
  • Growth is always positive, while development can be either positive or negative.
  • Growth is a short-term change, while development is a long-term change.
  • Growth refers to qualitative change, while development refers to quantitative change.

Which of the following is an example of growth without development?

  • A decrease in the poverty rate of a nation with a corresponding improvement in overall well-being.
  • An increase in the number of schools in a community with a corresponding improvement in education quality.
  • An increase in the population of a city without a corresponding improvement in facilities and services. (correct)
  • An increase in the population of a city with a corresponding improvement in living standards.

What is the relationship between growth and development?

  • Growth and development are interchangeable terms.
  • Growth is a necessary condition for development, but development is not necessary for growth. (correct)
  • Growth and development are mutually exclusive.
  • Development is a necessary condition for growth, but growth is not necessary for development.

What is the characteristic of growth?

<p>It is always quantitative and value neutral. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is development?

<p>A qualitative change that is always value positive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can positive growth not always lead to development?

<p>Because growth can occur without a corresponding improvement in quality. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the traditional measure of a country's development for many decades?

<p>Economic growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who introduced the concept of human development?

<p>Mahbub-ul-Haq (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic goal of human development?

<p>Creating conditions for people to live meaningful lives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three key areas of human development?

<p>Access to resources, health, and education (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why may people lack the capability to make basic choices?

<p>Material poverty, social discrimination, and inefficiency of institutions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of equity in human development?

<p>Making equal access to opportunities available to everybody (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of sustainability in human development?

<p>Ensuring continuity of opportunities for future generations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of how the choices of certain groups get limited?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of not stressing the importance of sending girls to school?

<p>Their career choices will be severely curtailed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four pillars of human development?

<p>Equity, sustainability, productivity, and empowerment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of development according to Nobel Laureate Prof Amartya Sen?

<p>Increase in freedom (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach to human development is associated with Prof Amartya Sen?

<p>Capability Approach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key to increasing human development according to the Capability Approach?

<p>Building human capabilities in areas like health and education (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Human Development Report published by the UNDP?

<p>It provides a ranking of countries based on their level of human development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country is the only one to officially proclaim the Gross National Happiness (GNH) as the measure of its progress?

<p>Bhutan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Human Poverty Index (HPI)?

<p>They measure the level of human development and poverty in a country (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for India's low ranking in the Human Development Index (HDI)?

<p>The exact reason is not specified in the text (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the Welfare Approach to human development?

<p>Higher government expenditure on welfare (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the six basic needs identified by the International Labour Organisation (ILO)?

<p>Health, education, food, water supply, sanitation, and housing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the work of Dr Haq and Prof Amartya Sen?

<p>They have brought people to the centre of development discussions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of a country with high human development?

<p>Prioritizing social sectors like education and healthcare (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which economist is credited with creating the Human Development Index in 1990?

<p>Dr. Mahbub-ul-Haq (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sets countries with higher human development scores apart according to the text?

<p>Higher investment in people and good governance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region tends to spend more on defense rather than social sectors?

<p>Countries with low human development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of countries shows a larger proportion with high social diversity?

<p>Countries with medium human development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the human development index?

<p>Life expectancy, adult literacy rate, and access to resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dimension of human development is represented by the number of adults who are able to read and write?

<p>Access to resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a higher life expectancy at birth indicate?

<p>Better access to healthcare (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is empowerment defined as in the text?

<p>The power to make choices through increased freedom and capability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country would have a high human development index with a score of 0.983?

<p>Norway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is measured in terms of human productivity in the text?

<p>Productivity in terms of human work (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text define wealth of nations?

<p>The capabilities people possess (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key indicator for assessing health in the human development index?

<p>Life expectancy at birth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of the human development index mentioned in the text?

<p>It lacks any measure of distribution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach looks at human development in terms of building capabilities in people?

<p>Capabilities approach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of growth?

<p>It is a quantitative change that can be either positive or negative. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between growth and development?

<p>Growth is a quantitative change, while development is a qualitative change. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of growth without development?

<p>A city's population increases, but its infrastructure remains the same. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between growth and development?

<p>Growth is a necessary condition for development, but development is not a necessary condition for growth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does development imply?

<p>A positive change in the quality of life. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the distinction between growth and development?

<p>It highlights the need to focus on social development in addition to economic growth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary emphasis of the concept of human development?

<p>Improving the quality of life and people's choices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key area of human development?

<p>Cultural diversity and heritage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary limitation of the traditional measure of a country's development?

<p>It does not capture the quality of life of citizens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of people lacking the capability to make basic choices?

<p>Their choices are limited by their circumstances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a country's lack of sustainability?

<p>Misusing environmental and financial resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of empowering people in the context of human development?

<p>To enhance their capabilities and opportunities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between human development and the concept of equity?

<p>Equity is a pillar of human development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of building people's capabilities in human development?

<p>To enhance health and education outcomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of not prioritizing the education of girls in a society?

<p>Their choices are limited by their lack of education (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of human development according to the text?

<p>To create conditions for people to live meaningful lives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for Kerala's better human development compared to Punjab and Gujarat?

<p>Investment in the social sector (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of countries with high human development scores?

<p>Good governance and high investment in people (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct classification of countries with a score of over 0.800?

<p>Very high human development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for low human development in some countries?

<p>Low investment in the social sector (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Human Development Index?

<p>It provides an alternative view of development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between countries with high and low human development scores?

<p>Investment in the social sector (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the government in countries with high human development scores?

<p>Education and healthcare (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the work of Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq and Prof Amartya Sen?

<p>They introduced the concept of human development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of countries with low human development scores?

<p>Political instability and social unrest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of international comparisons of human development?

<p>To identify the patterns of government expenditure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept or measure is unique to Bhutan when it comes to assessing progress?

<p>Gross National Happiness (GNH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach to human development ignores the question of human choices and focuses solely on the provision of predefined basic needs?

<p>Basic Needs Approach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Human Development Report provide annually about member countries?

<p>Ranking according to human development level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Prof. Amartya Sen, what is the main objective of development?

<p>Decrease in unfreedom (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What element is primarily responsible for increasing human development according to the text?

<p>Access to resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year did the UNDP start publishing the Human Development Report annually?

<p>1990 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country was ranked 126th in the Human Development Index according to the 2006 report?

<p>India (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the Human Development Index and the Human Poverty Index aim to measure?

<p>Human development indicators (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of the Capability Approach to human development?

<p>Importance of building human capabilities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Bhutan approach material progress and technological advancements cautiously?

<p>To prioritize environmental and spiritual concerns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of human development does the Human Development Index (HDI) measure?

<p>Life expectancy and education (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a dimension in the calculation of the Human Development Index (HDI)?

<p>Amount spent on defense (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the Human Development Index (HDI) calculated?

<p>By adding weights of life expectancy, education, and resources access (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prime aspect of a country that the Human Development Index (HDI) reflects?

<p>Level of human development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two areas of human development are represented in the Human Development Index (HDI)?

<p>Life expectancy and education (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes the Human Development Index (HDI) a less reliable measure according to the text?

<p>Exclusion of distribution criteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Human Development Index (HDI), what aspect of human development is NOT directly factored into the calculation?

<p>Gender equality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the dimensions included in the calculation of the Human Development Index (HDI)?

<p>Education, life expectancy, and access to resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which measure is related to the shortfall in human development according to the text?

<p>Human poverty index (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Human Poverty Index take into account?

<p>Adult literacy and child malnutrition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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