Human Development Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between growth and development?

  • Growth is quantitative and value neutral, while development is qualitative and value positive. (correct)
  • Growth is always positive, while development can be either positive or negative.
  • Growth is a short-term change, while development is a long-term change.
  • Growth refers to qualitative change, while development refers to quantitative change.

    • Which of the following is an example of growth without development?

  • A decrease in the poverty rate of a nation with a corresponding improvement in overall well-being.
  • An increase in the number of schools in a community with a corresponding improvement in education quality.
  • An increase in the population of a city without a corresponding improvement in facilities and services. (correct)
  • An increase in the population of a city with a corresponding improvement in living standards.

    • What is the relationship between growth and development?

  • Growth and development are interchangeable terms.
  • Growth is a necessary condition for development, but development is not necessary for growth. (correct)
  • Growth and development are mutually exclusive.
  • Development is a necessary condition for growth, but growth is not necessary for development.

    • What is the characteristic of growth?

    <p>It is always quantitative and value neutral.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is development?

    <p>A qualitative change that is always value positive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can positive growth not always lead to development?

    <p>Because growth can occur without a corresponding improvement in quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the traditional measure of a country's development for many decades?

    <p>Economic growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who introduced the concept of human development?

    <p>Mahbub-ul-Haq</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic goal of human development?

    <p>Creating conditions for people to live meaningful lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three key areas of human development?

    <p>Access to resources, health, and education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why may people lack the capability to make basic choices?

    <p>Material poverty, social discrimination, and inefficiency of institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of equity in human development?

    <p>Making equal access to opportunities available to everybody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of sustainability in human development?

    <p>Ensuring continuity of opportunities for future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of how the choices of certain groups get limited?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of not stressing the importance of sending girls to school?

    <p>Their career choices will be severely curtailed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four pillars of human development?

    <p>Equity, sustainability, productivity, and empowerment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of development according to Nobel Laureate Prof Amartya Sen?

    <p>Increase in freedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach to human development is associated with Prof Amartya Sen?

    <p>Capability Approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key to increasing human development according to the Capability Approach?

    <p>Building human capabilities in areas like health and education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Human Development Report published by the UNDP?

    <p>It provides a ranking of countries based on their level of human development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is the only one to officially proclaim the Gross National Happiness (GNH) as the measure of its progress?

    <p>Bhutan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Human Poverty Index (HPI)?

    <p>They measure the level of human development and poverty in a country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for India's low ranking in the Human Development Index (HDI)?

    <p>The exact reason is not specified in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the Welfare Approach to human development?

    <p>Higher government expenditure on welfare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the six basic needs identified by the International Labour Organisation (ILO)?

    <p>Health, education, food, water supply, sanitation, and housing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the work of Dr Haq and Prof Amartya Sen?

    <p>They have brought people to the centre of development discussions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of a country with high human development?

    <p>Prioritizing social sectors like education and healthcare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economist is credited with creating the Human Development Index in 1990?

    <p>Dr. Mahbub-ul-Haq</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sets countries with higher human development scores apart according to the text?

    <p>Higher investment in people and good governance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region tends to spend more on defense rather than social sectors?

    <p>Countries with low human development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of countries shows a larger proportion with high social diversity?

    <p>Countries with medium human development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the human development index?

    <p>Life expectancy, adult literacy rate, and access to resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dimension of human development is represented by the number of adults who are able to read and write?

    <p>Access to resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a higher life expectancy at birth indicate?

    <p>Better access to healthcare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is empowerment defined as in the text?

    <p>The power to make choices through increased freedom and capability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country would have a high human development index with a score of 0.983?

    <p>Norway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is measured in terms of human productivity in the text?

    <p>Productivity in terms of human work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text define wealth of nations?

    <p>The capabilities people possess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key indicator for assessing health in the human development index?

    <p>Life expectancy at birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of the human development index mentioned in the text?

    <p>It lacks any measure of distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach looks at human development in terms of building capabilities in people?

    <p>Capabilities approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of growth?

    <p>It is a quantitative change that can be either positive or negative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between growth and development?

    <p>Growth is a quantitative change, while development is a qualitative change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of growth without development?

    <p>A city's population increases, but its infrastructure remains the same.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between growth and development?

    <p>Growth is a necessary condition for development, but development is not a necessary condition for growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does development imply?

    <p>A positive change in the quality of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the distinction between growth and development?

    <p>It highlights the need to focus on social development in addition to economic growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary emphasis of the concept of human development?

    <p>Improving the quality of life and people's choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key area of human development?

    <p>Cultural diversity and heritage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary limitation of the traditional measure of a country's development?

    <p>It does not capture the quality of life of citizens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of people lacking the capability to make basic choices?

    <p>Their choices are limited by their circumstances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a country's lack of sustainability?

    <p>Misusing environmental and financial resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of empowering people in the context of human development?

    <p>To enhance their capabilities and opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between human development and the concept of equity?

    <p>Equity is a pillar of human development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of building people's capabilities in human development?

    <p>To enhance health and education outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of not prioritizing the education of girls in a society?

    <p>Their choices are limited by their lack of education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of human development according to the text?

    <p>To create conditions for people to live meaningful lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for Kerala's better human development compared to Punjab and Gujarat?

    <p>Investment in the social sector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of countries with high human development scores?

    <p>Good governance and high investment in people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct classification of countries with a score of over 0.800?

    <p>Very high human development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for low human development in some countries?

    <p>Low investment in the social sector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Human Development Index?

    <p>It provides an alternative view of development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between countries with high and low human development scores?

    <p>Investment in the social sector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the government in countries with high human development scores?

    <p>Education and healthcare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the work of Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq and Prof Amartya Sen?

    <p>They introduced the concept of human development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of countries with low human development scores?

    <p>Political instability and social unrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of international comparisons of human development?

    <p>To identify the patterns of government expenditure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept or measure is unique to Bhutan when it comes to assessing progress?

    <p>Gross National Happiness (GNH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach to human development ignores the question of human choices and focuses solely on the provision of predefined basic needs?

    <p>Basic Needs Approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Human Development Report provide annually about member countries?

    <p>Ranking according to human development level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Prof. Amartya Sen, what is the main objective of development?

    <p>Decrease in unfreedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element is primarily responsible for increasing human development according to the text?

    <p>Access to resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did the UNDP start publishing the Human Development Report annually?

    <p>1990</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country was ranked 126th in the Human Development Index according to the 2006 report?

    <p>India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the Human Development Index and the Human Poverty Index aim to measure?

    <p>Human development indicators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of the Capability Approach to human development?

    <p>Importance of building human capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does Bhutan approach material progress and technological advancements cautiously?

    <p>To prioritize environmental and spiritual concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of human development does the Human Development Index (HDI) measure?

    <p>Life expectancy and education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a dimension in the calculation of the Human Development Index (HDI)?

    <p>Amount spent on defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the Human Development Index (HDI) calculated?

    <p>By adding weights of life expectancy, education, and resources access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prime aspect of a country that the Human Development Index (HDI) reflects?

    <p>Level of human development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two areas of human development are represented in the Human Development Index (HDI)?

    <p>Life expectancy and education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes the Human Development Index (HDI) a less reliable measure according to the text?

    <p>Exclusion of distribution criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the Human Development Index (HDI), what aspect of human development is NOT directly factored into the calculation?

    <p>Gender equality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the dimensions included in the calculation of the Human Development Index (HDI)?

    <p>Education, life expectancy, and access to resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure is related to the shortfall in human development according to the text?

    <p>Human poverty index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Human Poverty Index take into account?

    <p>Adult literacy and child malnutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

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