Human Development and PQLI Overview

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Questions and Answers

What does a higher Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) generally indicate?

Lower quality of life

Higher unemployment rates

Decreased educational opportunities

Higher quality of life (correct)

In the context of the Human Development Index (HDI), which factor is NOT considered?

Environmental sustainability (correct)

Longevity

Educational attainment

Real GDP per capita

As of 2022, India's average life expectancy is closest to what value?

67.7 years (correct)

60.0 years

75.0 years

70.5 years

What was India’s HDI score in 2022?

0.644 Signup and view all the answers

Which country ranked number one in the Human Development Report of 2023-24?

Switzerland Signup and view all the answers

What was the percentage increase in India's Gross National Income (GNI) per capita over 12 months?

6.3% Signup and view all the answers

How much did India's mean years of schooling increase by from previous measurements?

3.8 years Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about India’s HDI performance since 1990 is true?

The HDI score has shown a positive change of 48.4%. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three component indicators used in the Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)?

Infant Mortality, Life Expectancy, Basic Literacy Signup and view all the answers

What is a major criticism of the Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)?

It gives equal weightage to all factors. Signup and view all the answers

The Human Development Index (HDI) was first published by which organization?

United Nations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT included in the Human Development Index (HDI)?

Employment Rate Signup and view all the answers

How is the Human Development Index (HDI) calculated?

By averaging the three component indices. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Adult Literacy Rate (ALR) indicate?

The capability of individuals to read and write. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect does the Educational Attainment index (EAI) NOT consider?

Quality of education Signup and view all the answers

What does Longevity refer to in the context of HDI?

Life expectancy at birth Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)

Created in 1979 by D. Morris.
Compares three components (Infant Mortality, Life Expectancy, Basic Literacy) to understand basic needs.
Criticized for ignoring factors like employment, housing, justice, and social security.
Assumes equal importance to all factors, which may not be realistic.

Human Development Index (HDI)

Developed by the United Nations in 1990.
Measures three basic human aspects: Living a long life (Longevity), Being knowledgeable (Educational Attainment), and Standard of living (Real per Capita GDP).
Composed of three sub-indices:
- Longevity (LEI): Measured by life expectancy at birth. India's current life expectancy is 63 years.
- Educational Attainment (EAI): Measured by average education levels, including:
  - Adult Literacy Rate (ALR): Percentage of people aged 15 and above who can read and write a simple statement.
  - Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER): Percentage of the population enrolled in different education levels (primary, secondary, tertiary). Higher GER indicates better quality of life.
- Real GDP Per Capita or Standard of Living (SLI): Measures the average standard of living.

India's HDI Performance

India ranked 134 out of 193 countries in the 2023-24 Human Development Report, categorized as "medium human development."
India's HDI score in 2022 was 0.644, showing a 48.4% increase since 1990.
Key indicators:
- Life expectancy: 67.7 years in 2022, an increase from the previous year.
- Gross National Income (GNI) per capita: USD 6951 in 2022, marking a 6.3% rise.
- Expected years of schooling: 12.6 years per individual.
Notable achievements:
- 9.1-year increase in life expectancy at birth.
- 4.6-year rise in expected years of schooling.
- 3.8-year increase in mean years of schooling.

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Description

Explore the key concepts of the Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) and the Human Development Index (HDI). This quiz highlights the components and criticisms of each index, along with their significance in assessing human development. Test your understanding of these vital frameworks used in social science today.