Human Development and Infancy
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Questions and Answers

What is the minimum age requirement for compulsory immunization as per PD 996?

  • 10 years old
  • 5 years old
  • 12 years old
  • Below 8 years old (correct)

    • What is the consequence of interrupting a vaccination schedule?

  • It interferes with final immunity
  • It necessitates contraindication to vaccination
  • It does not affect final immunity or contraindication (correct)
  • It requires additional doses

    • What is a contraindication to immunization?

  • Cough
  • Moderate fever
  • Malnutrition
  • Convulsion or shock within 3 days of the previous dose (correct)

    • What is the recommended storage temperature for measles and OPV vaccines?

    <p>-15°C to 20°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of booster doses in immunization?

    <p>To maintain continuous protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of immunization?

    <p>It provides protection based on the immunization law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should not receive live weakened vaccines like BCG?

    <p>Individuals with malignant disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of vaccination?

    <p>Mild side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended age for measles vaccination?

    <p>9 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a vaccination schedule is interrupted?

    <p>Resume the schedule using minimal intervals between doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can a sick child be vaccinated against measles?

    <p>Yes, if the child is suffering from a minor illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of measles vaccination?

    <p>To eradicate measles completely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended route of administration for measles vaccination?

    <p>Subcutaneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose of measles vaccination?

    <p>0.5 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended site for measles vaccination?

    <p>Upper outer portion of the arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?

    <p>To reduce the morbidity and mortality among children against vaccine-preventable diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vaccine was included in the routine immunization of EPI in 2014?

    <p>Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 13</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?

    <p>95% Fully Immunized Child Coverage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Supplemental Immunization Activities (SIA)?

    <p>To reach children who have not been vaccinated or have not developed enough immunity after previous vaccinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strategy used to conduct routine immunizations for infants/children/women?

    <p>Reaching Every Purok Strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a specific goal of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?

    <p>To prevent HIV infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the Measles Containing Vaccines (MCV)?

    <p>Antimeasles Vaccine, Measles, Mumps, and Rubella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year will the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) transition to become the National Immunization Program?

    <p>2016</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of immunization programs?

    <p>To protect infants and children from vaccine-preventable diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key principle in children immunization?

    <p>Recommended series of immunization must be completed for adequate protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of booster doses in immunization?

    <p>To maintain continuous protection against diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a specific guideline for measles and OPV vaccines?

    <p>They must be strictly maintained at -15 to 20°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of not following the recommended immunization schedule?

    <p>It may lead to reduced protection against diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should receive live weakened vaccines like BCG?

    <p>Individuals with a healthy immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of vaccines?

    <p>They are safe and effective with mild side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of completing the recommended series of immunization?

    <p>It provides adequate protection against vaccine-preventable diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum age requirement for measles vaccination according to the routine infant vaccination schedule?

    <p>9 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a vaccination schedule is interrupted?

    <p>Resume the schedule using minimal intervals between doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to vaccinate infants against measles?

    <p>Because measles kills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can a sick child be vaccinated against measles?

    <p>Yes, even children with minor illnesses can be vaccinated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended site for measles vaccination?

    <p>Upper outer portion of the right arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose of measles vaccination?

    <p>0.5 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the primary goal of measles vaccination?

    <p>To prevent measles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measles vaccination in the routine infant vaccination schedule?

    <p>To prevent measles in infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of immunizing all infants/children against vaccine-preventable diseases?

    <p>To reduce the morbidity and mortality among children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rationale behind the inclusion of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 13 in the routine immunization of EPI in 2014?

    <p>To reduce the morbidity and mortality among children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main strategy used to conduct routine immunizations for infants/children/women?

    <p>Reaching Every Purok Strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of the Supplemental Immunization Activities (SIA)?

    <p>To reach children who have not been vaccinated or have not developed enough immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate goal of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?

    <p>To reduce the morbidity and mortality among children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific goal of the EPI with regards to polio?

    <p>To sustain polio-free status of the Philippines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target population of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?

    <p>Infants/children and mothers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the year 2016 in the context of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?

    <p>The year the EPI will transition to become the National Immunization Program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Immunization Protection

    • Every child deserves to be given the benefits of immunization protection based on PD 996 immunization law.
    • The Basic compulsory immunization of children below 8 years old was implemented on September 16, 1976.

    Pointers on Immunization

    • No vaccine gives 100% protection; they go hand in hand with good hygiene and other measures for disease prevention.
    • Recommended series of immunization must be completed for adequate protection.
    • Booster doses are important to maintain continuous protection against diseases.
    • Interruption of schedule does not interfere with final immunity nor does it necessitate contraindication to vaccination.
    • Malnutrition, minor respiratory infections, moderate fever, cough, and diarrhea do not constitute contraindications to vaccinations.
    • Absolute contraindications to immunization include:
      • DPT2 or DPT3 to a child who has had convulsion or shock within 3 days of the previous dose.
      • Live weakened vaccine like BCG must not be given to individuals who are immunocompromised due to malignant disease.

    Vaccine Handling and Storage

    • Measles and OPV vaccines are most sensitive to heat and must be strictly maintained at -15 to 20 C.

    Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

    • The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was established in 1976 to ensure that infants/children and mothers have access to routinely recommended infant/childhood vaccines.
    • Six vaccine-preventable diseases were initially included in the EPI: tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and measles.
    • Vaccines under the EPI include:
      • BCG birth dose
      • Hepatitis B birth dose
      • Oral Poliovirus Vaccine
      • Pentavalent Vaccine
      • Measles Containing Vaccines (Antimeasles Vaccine, Measles, Mumps, Rubella)
      • Tetanus Toxoid
    • In 2014, Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 13 was included in the routine immunization of EPI.
    • In 2016, the Expanded Program on Immunization will transition to become the National Immunization Program, including immunizations of other populations such as senior citizen immunization, school-age immunization, and adolescent immunizations.

    Program Goals

    • Over-all Goal: To reduce the morbidity and mortality among children against the most common vaccine-preventable diseases.
    • Specific Goals:
      • To immunize all infants/children against the most common vaccine-preventable diseases
      • To sustain polio-free status of the Philippines
      • To eliminate measles infection
      • To eliminate maternal and neonatal tetanus
      • To control diphtheria, pertussis, hepatitis b, and German Measles
      • To prevent extra pulmonary tuberculosis among children

    Program Target

    • Achieve 95% Fully Immunized Child Coverage

    Program Strategies

    • Conduct of routine immunizations for infants/children/women through Reaching Every Purok Strategy

    Supplemental Immunization Activities (SIA)

    • Supplemental immunization activities are conducted to reach children who have not been vaccinated or have not developed enough immunity after previous vaccinations.

    Measles Vaccination

    • Measles vaccination is recommended at 9 months of age, with a single dose of 0.5 mL given subcutaneously in the upper outer portion of the arm.
    • At least 85% of measles cases can be prevented by immunization at this age.

    Immunization Protection

    • Every child deserves to be given the benefits of immunization protection based on PD 996 immunization law.
    • The Basic compulsory immunization of children below 8 years old was implemented on September 16, 1976.

    Pointers on Immunization

    • No vaccine gives 100% protection; they go hand in hand with good hygiene and other measures for disease prevention.
    • Recommended series of immunization must be completed for adequate protection.
    • Booster doses are important to maintain continuous protection against diseases.
    • Interruption of schedule does not interfere with final immunity nor does it necessitate contraindication to vaccination.
    • Malnutrition, minor respiratory infections, moderate fever, cough, and diarrhea do not constitute contraindications to vaccinations.
    • Absolute contraindications to immunization include:
      • DPT2 or DPT3 to a child who has had convulsion or shock within 3 days of the previous dose.
      • Live weakened vaccine like BCG must not be given to individuals who are immunocompromised due to malignant disease.

    Vaccine Handling and Storage

    • Measles and OPV vaccines are most sensitive to heat and must be strictly maintained at -15 to 20 C.

    Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

    • The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was established in 1976 to ensure that infants/children and mothers have access to routinely recommended infant/childhood vaccines.
    • Six vaccine-preventable diseases were initially included in the EPI: tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and measles.
    • Vaccines under the EPI include:
      • BCG birth dose
      • Hepatitis B birth dose
      • Oral Poliovirus Vaccine
      • Pentavalent Vaccine
      • Measles Containing Vaccines (Antimeasles Vaccine, Measles, Mumps, Rubella)
      • Tetanus Toxoid
    • In 2014, Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 13 was included in the routine immunization of EPI.
    • In 2016, the Expanded Program on Immunization will transition to become the National Immunization Program, including immunizations of other populations such as senior citizen immunization, school-age immunization, and adolescent immunizations.

    Program Goals

    • Over-all Goal: To reduce the morbidity and mortality among children against the most common vaccine-preventable diseases.
    • Specific Goals:
      • To immunize all infants/children against the most common vaccine-preventable diseases
      • To sustain polio-free status of the Philippines
      • To eliminate measles infection
      • To eliminate maternal and neonatal tetanus
      • To control diphtheria, pertussis, hepatitis b, and German Measles
      • To prevent extra pulmonary tuberculosis among children

    Program Target

    • Achieve 95% Fully Immunized Child Coverage

    Program Strategies

    • Conduct of routine immunizations for infants/children/women through Reaching Every Purok Strategy

    Supplemental Immunization Activities (SIA)

    • Supplemental immunization activities are conducted to reach children who have not been vaccinated or have not developed enough immunity after previous vaccinations.

    Measles Vaccination

    • Measles vaccination is recommended at 9 months of age, with a single dose of 0.5 mL given subcutaneously in the upper outer portion of the arm.
    • At least 85% of measles cases can be prevented by immunization at this age.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the early stages of human life, from infancy to childhood development. Topics may include infant care, early childhood education, and parenting.

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