47 Questions
What is the minimum age requirement for compulsory immunization as per PD 996?
Below 8 years old
What is the consequence of interrupting a vaccination schedule?
It does not affect final immunity or contraindication
What is a contraindication to immunization?
Convulsion or shock within 3 days of the previous dose
What is the recommended storage temperature for measles and OPV vaccines?
-15°C to 20°C
What is the purpose of booster doses in immunization?
To maintain continuous protection
What is a benefit of immunization?
It provides protection based on the immunization law
Who should not receive live weakened vaccines like BCG?
Individuals with malignant disease
What is a common side effect of vaccination?
Mild side effects
What is the recommended age for measles vaccination?
9 months
What should be done if a vaccination schedule is interrupted?
Resume the schedule using minimal intervals between doses
Can a sick child be vaccinated against measles?
Yes, if the child is suffering from a minor illness
What is the primary goal of measles vaccination?
To eradicate measles completely
What is the recommended route of administration for measles vaccination?
Subcutaneous
What is the recommended dose of measles vaccination?
0.5 mL
What is the recommended site for measles vaccination?
Upper outer portion of the arm
What is the primary goal of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?
To reduce the morbidity and mortality among children against vaccine-preventable diseases
Which vaccine was included in the routine immunization of EPI in 2014?
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 13
What is the target of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?
95% Fully Immunized Child Coverage
What is the purpose of Supplemental Immunization Activities (SIA)?
To reach children who have not been vaccinated or have not developed enough immunity after previous vaccinations
What is the strategy used to conduct routine immunizations for infants/children/women?
Reaching Every Purok Strategy
Which of the following is NOT a specific goal of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?
To prevent HIV infection
What is included in the Measles Containing Vaccines (MCV)?
Antimeasles Vaccine, Measles, Mumps, and Rubella
In what year will the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) transition to become the National Immunization Program?
2016
What is the primary goal of immunization programs?
To protect infants and children from vaccine-preventable diseases
What is a key principle in children immunization?
Recommended series of immunization must be completed for adequate protection
What is the importance of booster doses in immunization?
To maintain continuous protection against diseases
What is a specific guideline for measles and OPV vaccines?
They must be strictly maintained at -15 to 20°C
What is the consequence of not following the recommended immunization schedule?
It may lead to reduced protection against diseases
Who should receive live weakened vaccines like BCG?
Individuals with a healthy immune system
What is a characteristic of vaccines?
They are safe and effective with mild side effects
What is a benefit of completing the recommended series of immunization?
It provides adequate protection against vaccine-preventable diseases
What is the minimum age requirement for measles vaccination according to the routine infant vaccination schedule?
9 months
What should be done if a vaccination schedule is interrupted?
Resume the schedule using minimal intervals between doses
Why is it essential to vaccinate infants against measles?
Because measles kills
Can a sick child be vaccinated against measles?
Yes, even children with minor illnesses can be vaccinated
What is the recommended site for measles vaccination?
Upper outer portion of the right arm
What is the recommended dose of measles vaccination?
0.5 mL
What should be the primary goal of measles vaccination?
To prevent measles
What is the purpose of measles vaccination in the routine infant vaccination schedule?
To prevent measles in infants
What is the primary objective of immunizing all infants/children against vaccine-preventable diseases?
To reduce the morbidity and mortality among children
What is the rationale behind the inclusion of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 13 in the routine immunization of EPI in 2014?
To reduce the morbidity and mortality among children
What is the main strategy used to conduct routine immunizations for infants/children/women?
Reaching Every Purok Strategy
What is the goal of the Supplemental Immunization Activities (SIA)?
To reach children who have not been vaccinated or have not developed enough immunity
What is the ultimate goal of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?
To reduce the morbidity and mortality among children
What is the specific goal of the EPI with regards to polio?
To sustain polio-free status of the Philippines
What is the target population of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?
Infants/children and mothers
What is the significance of the year 2016 in the context of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?
The year the EPI will transition to become the National Immunization Program
Study Notes
Immunization Protection
- Every child deserves to be given the benefits of immunization protection based on PD 996 immunization law.
- The Basic compulsory immunization of children below 8 years old was implemented on September 16, 1976.
Pointers on Immunization
- No vaccine gives 100% protection; they go hand in hand with good hygiene and other measures for disease prevention.
- Recommended series of immunization must be completed for adequate protection.
- Booster doses are important to maintain continuous protection against diseases.
- Interruption of schedule does not interfere with final immunity nor does it necessitate contraindication to vaccination.
- Malnutrition, minor respiratory infections, moderate fever, cough, and diarrhea do not constitute contraindications to vaccinations.
- Absolute contraindications to immunization include:
- DPT2 or DPT3 to a child who has had convulsion or shock within 3 days of the previous dose.
- Live weakened vaccine like BCG must not be given to individuals who are immunocompromised due to malignant disease.
Vaccine Handling and Storage
- Measles and OPV vaccines are most sensitive to heat and must be strictly maintained at -15 to 20 C.
Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)
- The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was established in 1976 to ensure that infants/children and mothers have access to routinely recommended infant/childhood vaccines.
- Six vaccine-preventable diseases were initially included in the EPI: tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and measles.
- Vaccines under the EPI include:
- BCG birth dose
- Hepatitis B birth dose
- Oral Poliovirus Vaccine
- Pentavalent Vaccine
- Measles Containing Vaccines (Antimeasles Vaccine, Measles, Mumps, Rubella)
- Tetanus Toxoid
- In 2014, Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 13 was included in the routine immunization of EPI.
- In 2016, the Expanded Program on Immunization will transition to become the National Immunization Program, including immunizations of other populations such as senior citizen immunization, school-age immunization, and adolescent immunizations.
Program Goals
- Over-all Goal: To reduce the morbidity and mortality among children against the most common vaccine-preventable diseases.
- Specific Goals:
- To immunize all infants/children against the most common vaccine-preventable diseases
- To sustain polio-free status of the Philippines
- To eliminate measles infection
- To eliminate maternal and neonatal tetanus
- To control diphtheria, pertussis, hepatitis b, and German Measles
- To prevent extra pulmonary tuberculosis among children
Program Target
- Achieve 95% Fully Immunized Child Coverage
Program Strategies
- Conduct of routine immunizations for infants/children/women through Reaching Every Purok Strategy
Supplemental Immunization Activities (SIA)
- Supplemental immunization activities are conducted to reach children who have not been vaccinated or have not developed enough immunity after previous vaccinations.
Measles Vaccination
- Measles vaccination is recommended at 9 months of age, with a single dose of 0.5 mL given subcutaneously in the upper outer portion of the arm.
- At least 85% of measles cases can be prevented by immunization at this age.
Immunization Protection
- Every child deserves to be given the benefits of immunization protection based on PD 996 immunization law.
- The Basic compulsory immunization of children below 8 years old was implemented on September 16, 1976.
Pointers on Immunization
- No vaccine gives 100% protection; they go hand in hand with good hygiene and other measures for disease prevention.
- Recommended series of immunization must be completed for adequate protection.
- Booster doses are important to maintain continuous protection against diseases.
- Interruption of schedule does not interfere with final immunity nor does it necessitate contraindication to vaccination.
- Malnutrition, minor respiratory infections, moderate fever, cough, and diarrhea do not constitute contraindications to vaccinations.
- Absolute contraindications to immunization include:
- DPT2 or DPT3 to a child who has had convulsion or shock within 3 days of the previous dose.
- Live weakened vaccine like BCG must not be given to individuals who are immunocompromised due to malignant disease.
Vaccine Handling and Storage
- Measles and OPV vaccines are most sensitive to heat and must be strictly maintained at -15 to 20 C.
Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)
- The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was established in 1976 to ensure that infants/children and mothers have access to routinely recommended infant/childhood vaccines.
- Six vaccine-preventable diseases were initially included in the EPI: tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and measles.
- Vaccines under the EPI include:
- BCG birth dose
- Hepatitis B birth dose
- Oral Poliovirus Vaccine
- Pentavalent Vaccine
- Measles Containing Vaccines (Antimeasles Vaccine, Measles, Mumps, Rubella)
- Tetanus Toxoid
- In 2014, Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 13 was included in the routine immunization of EPI.
- In 2016, the Expanded Program on Immunization will transition to become the National Immunization Program, including immunizations of other populations such as senior citizen immunization, school-age immunization, and adolescent immunizations.
Program Goals
- Over-all Goal: To reduce the morbidity and mortality among children against the most common vaccine-preventable diseases.
- Specific Goals:
- To immunize all infants/children against the most common vaccine-preventable diseases
- To sustain polio-free status of the Philippines
- To eliminate measles infection
- To eliminate maternal and neonatal tetanus
- To control diphtheria, pertussis, hepatitis b, and German Measles
- To prevent extra pulmonary tuberculosis among children
Program Target
- Achieve 95% Fully Immunized Child Coverage
Program Strategies
- Conduct of routine immunizations for infants/children/women through Reaching Every Purok Strategy
Supplemental Immunization Activities (SIA)
- Supplemental immunization activities are conducted to reach children who have not been vaccinated or have not developed enough immunity after previous vaccinations.
Measles Vaccination
- Measles vaccination is recommended at 9 months of age, with a single dose of 0.5 mL given subcutaneously in the upper outer portion of the arm.
- At least 85% of measles cases can be prevented by immunization at this age.
This quiz covers the early stages of human life, from infancy to childhood development. Topics may include infant care, early childhood education, and parenting.
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