Human-Computer Systems and Network Hardware

Study Notes

A human computer system is a collaboration between humans and computers to solve problems or provide services.
The system comprises three main components:
- Humans: operate and manage the infrastructure, often causing problems.
- Host Computers: run software, including fixed location and mobile devices.
- Network Hardware: specialized devices that manage network traffic, for example, routers and switches.

Routers: direct traffic over the internet, operating at the IP address level (layer 3).
Switches: direct traffic within local area networks (LANs), operating at the Ethernet level (layer 2).
Cables: connect network devices, including fiber optic, twisted pair, and null-modem cables.

Network Operating Systems (NOS) are critical software components that manage network functions.
Environmental factors like lightning, humidity, heat, and cold significantly impact network performance and stability.

Network administration focuses on maintaining the integrity and operation of computer networks.
Activities include providing support services, ensuring efficient network resource use, and meeting service-quality objectives.

System administration focuses on maintaining the integrity and operation of computing systems.
Activities include ensuring efficient system operation, effectiveness, and security.

Design: Planning and creating network or system structures.
Diagnosis & Repair: Identifying and fixing network or system issues.
Installation: Setting up and configuring hardware and software.
Configuration: Customizing network and system settings.
Management: Overseeing ongoing network and system operations.
Policy Making: Defining regulations and guidelines for network and system usage.
Record Keeping: Documenting network and system information, including configurations and changes.

Managing network changes, including implementing upgrades and troubleshooting.
Monitoring network performance, including identifying and resolving potential issues.
Implementing security measures, for example, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and firewalls.
Configuring network hardware, including routers and switches.
Designing and troubleshooting network architectures.
Managing network services, including email, file sharing, and web services.

Setting up and configuring servers, including web, application, and database servers.
Managing database integration, depending on the company's size.
Implementing email services, including setting up email accounts and mail servers.
Implementing security measures, including firewalls, antivirus software, and user access controls.
Performing data backups and restoring data lost due to system issues.
Implementing software updates and patches.
Designing and troubleshooting hardware and software systems.

Designing Efficient Networks: Implementing logical and efficient network structures.
Scaling Network infrastructure: Deploying and managing a large number of devices for easy future upgrades.
Determining Service Needs: Defining the services required by the company or organization.
Implementing Robust Security: Planning and implementing comprehensive security measures.
Providing User-Friendly Environment: Ensuring user comfort and efficiency.
Troubleshooting Errors and Issues: Identifying and solving system and network problems effectively.
Managing Knowledge Growth: Keeping up with the rapidly evolving nature of technology and network administration.

Policy Driven: System administration starts with a clear policy that defines goals, resources, and expectations.
Predictability: Strive for predictable system behavior to ensure reliability, trust, and consistent performance.