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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of ganglion cells in the retina?
What is the primary function of ganglion cells in the retina?
What is the term for the ability to perceive detail in vision?
What is the term for the ability to perceive detail in vision?
What is the primary factor that affects the subjective reaction to levels of light?
What is the primary factor that affects the subjective reaction to levels of light?
What percentage of males are colour blind?
What percentage of males are colour blind?
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What is the term for the ability of the visual system to perceive the size of an object as constant despite changes in visual angle?
What is the term for the ability of the visual system to perceive the size of an object as constant despite changes in visual angle?
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What is the primary mechanism by which the eye receives light and transforms it into electrical energy?
What is the primary mechanism by which the eye receives light and transforms it into electrical energy?
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What is the term for the ability to detect the difference in brightness between two objects?
What is the term for the ability to detect the difference in brightness between two objects?
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What is the term for the way in which the visual system compensates for movement and changes in luminance?
What is the term for the way in which the visual system compensates for movement and changes in luminance?
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What is the primary function of context in resolving ambiguity?
What is the primary function of context in resolving ambiguity?
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What is the name of the illusion that occurs due to overcompensation?
What is the name of the illusion that occurs due to overcompensation?
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During which stage of reading do saccades occur?
During which stage of reading do saccades occur?
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What is the primary function of the outer ear in the physical apparatus of hearing?
What is the primary function of the outer ear in the physical apparatus of hearing?
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What is the range of frequencies that humans can hear?
What is the range of frequencies that humans can hear?
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What is the primary function of the auditory system in filtering sounds?
What is the primary function of the auditory system in filtering sounds?
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What type of receptors in the skin are responsible for detecting pressure?
What type of receptors in the skin are responsible for detecting pressure?
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Why are some areas of the skin more sensitive than others?
Why are some areas of the skin more sensitive than others?
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Study Notes
Human Computer Interaction
- Human capabilities involve information i/o, storage, processing, and application, influenced by emotions and individual differences.
Information Processing
- Information is processed and applied through reasoning, problem-solving, skill, and error.
Vision
- The human visual system consists of two stages: physical reception of stimulus and processing and interpretation of stimulus.
- The eye receives light and transforms it into electrical energy, focusing upside-down on the retina.
- The retina contains rods for low light vision and cones for color vision.
- Ganglion cells detect pattern and movement.
Interpreting Visual Signals
- Visual angle indicates how much of the view an object occupies, relating to size and distance from the eye.
- Visual acuity is limited and perceives familiar objects as constant size despite changes in visual angle.
- Cues like overlapping help perception of size and depth.
- Brightness is a subjective reaction to levels of light, affected by luminance, and measured by just noticeable difference.
- Visual acuity increases with luminance, as does flicker.
- Colour is made up of hue, intensity, and saturation, with cones sensitive to color wavelengths.
- The visual system compensates for movement, changes in luminance, and context to resolve ambiguity, but can lead to optical illusions.
Optical Illusions
- Optical illusions occur due to overcompensation, such as the Ponzo illusion and the Muller Lyer illusion.
Reading
- Reading involves several stages: visual pattern perception, decoding using internal representation of language, and interpretation using knowledge of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.
- Reading involves saccades and fixations, with perception occurring during fixations.
- Word shape is important to recognition, and negative contrast improves reading from computer screens.
Hearing
- Hearing provides information about the environment, including distances, directions, and objects.
- The physical apparatus of hearing includes the outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear, which transmit sound waves as vibrations to the inner ear.
- Sound is characterized by pitch, loudness, and timbre.
- Humans can hear frequencies from 20Hz to 15kHz, with less accuracy distinguishing high frequencies than low.
- The auditory system filters sounds and can attend to sounds over background noise, such as the cocktail party phenomenon.
Touch
- Touch provides important feedback about the environment, particularly for those who are visually impaired.
- Stimulus is received via receptors in the skin, including thermoreceptors, nociceptors, and mechanoreceptors.
- Some areas are more sensitive than others, such as the fingers.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of Human Computer Interaction, including human information processing, storage, and application, as well as the impact of emotions on human capabilities.
