Human-Computer Interaction Models

Introduction

• Interactions between humans and computers are complex.
• Computers can be used as tools to perform, simplify or support tasks.
• Interactions can range from batch input, where the user provides all information at once, to highly interactive input, such as direct manipulation and virtual reality.

Models of Interaction

• Models help us understand how users interact with systems.
• They explain the communication between the user and the system.
• Models provide a framework to compare interaction styles and identify problems.

Norman's Execution-Evaluation Cycle

• Explains user interaction based on goals and actions.
• The cycle has two phases: execution and evaluation.

The Execution-Evaluation Cycle (Stages)

• Establishing the goal: User identifies what needs to be done.
• Forming the intention: User translates the goal into a specific action.
• Specifying the action sequence: User plans out the steps to accomplish the intention.
• Executing the action: User performs the planned actions.
• Perceiving the system state: User observes the changes in the system after performing the action.
• Interpreting the system state: User understands the system's state in relation to their expectations.
• Evaluating the system state: User determines if the actions have met the goal.

Gulfs of Execution and Evaluation

• Gulf of execution: The difference between the user's planned action and the system's allowed actions.
• Gulf of evaluation: The difference between the system's state and the user's expectations.

Human Error: Slips and Mistakes

• Slips: Occur when the user correctly plans an action but fails to execute it correctly.
• Mistakes: Occur when the user does not understand the system well and plans the wrong action.

Slip Example

• The user knows the system well and has formulated a correct action, but makes a mistake like mistyping or clicking the wrong button.

Mistake Example

• The user confuses a magnifying glass icon with a "find" function.

Fixing Human Errors

• Slips: Can be addressed with better interface design.
• Mistakes: Can be addressed with better user understanding of the system.

Explore the intricate relationship between humans and computer systems through various interaction models. Understand the execution-evaluation cycle and its stages to enhance your grasp of user-system communication. This quiz will help solidify your knowledge on how users interact with technology effectively.