Human Circulatory System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of erythrocytes in the blood?

  • Carrying oxygen (correct)
  • Clotting blood
  • Fighting infections
  • Transporting carbon dioxide

Which blood type has neither A nor B antigens on erythrocytes?

  • A
  • O (correct)
  • AB
  • B

Which blood group is characterized by the presence of both A and B antigens?

  • A
  • B
  • AB (correct)
  • O

How are Rh-positive and Rh-negative blood types determined?

<p>By the presence of the RhD antigen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component of blood is primarily involved in blood clotting?

<p>Thrombocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the cardiovascular system play in regulating body temperature?

<p>It cools the body by transporting excess heat away. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart under high pressure?

<p>Arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature of veins helps to prevent backflow of blood?

<p>Valves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does blood pressure change as blood travels through arteries?

<p>It fluctuates but generally drops as blood travels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of capillaries that facilitates substance exchange?

<p>One cell thick walls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the depolarization of the ventricles during the cardiac cycle?

<p>The bundle of His (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which heart valves are open during diastole?

<p>Bicuspid and tricuspid valves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do chemoreceptors play in heart rate regulation?

<p>They measure blood pH and COâ‚‚ levels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the QRS complex represent on an ECG?

<p>Ventricular contraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during systole in terms of heart valves?

<p>Semi-lunar valves are open and atrioventricular valves are closed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the tricuspid valve in the heart?

<p>It allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From which part of the heart does oxygenated blood enter the circulation?

<p>Left Atrium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the SAN (Sinoatrial Node) initiate in the heart?

<p>Depolarization that causes atrial contraction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the AVN (Atrioventricular Node)?

<p>It delays the electrical impulse before sending it to the ventricles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs?

<p>Through the pulmonary valve. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of heart valves?

<p>To ensure unidirectional blood flow. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure conducts the electrical signal throughout the ventricles?

<p>Bundle of His (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does myogenic stimulation indicate about the heart?

<p>Contraction and relaxation are controlled internally. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Endothelium

The inner layer of blood vessels, composed of a single layer of epithelial cells.

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart under high pressure.

Veins

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart under low pressure.

Capillaries

Tiny blood vessels responsible for exchanging substances between the blood and tissues.

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Blood Pressure

The force exerted by blood against the walls of the blood vessels.

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What are erythrocytes?

These cells are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body by binding to hemoglobin.

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What are leukocytes?

White blood cells, responsible for fighting infections and destroying pathogens.

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What are thrombocytes?

Small cells that clump together at the site of an injury to stop bleeding.

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What determines your ABO blood type?

A type of blood protein called an antigen is present on the surface of erythrocytes. Your blood type depends on the presence of the A, B or both antigens.

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What determines your Rhesus (Rh) blood type?

The RhD antigen is either present on the surface of erythrocytes or not. If present, you are Rh-positive, and if absent, you are Rh-negative.

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AV Node Delay

The electrical signal from the SA node travels to the AV node, where it is slightly delayed. This ensures that the atria contract before the ventricles.

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Bundle of His

A specialized bundle of conducting tissues located in the septum of the heart. It divides into two Purkinje fibers, which carry the electrical signal to the ventricles, causing them to contract.

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Ventricular Systole

The period when the ventricles contract, pushing blood out of the heart. It is associated with the QRS complex on an ECG.

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Baroreceptors and Chemoreceptors

Sensors in the aortic arch that detect changes in blood pressure and pH, sending signals to the medulla oblongata to regulate heart rate.

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Medulla Oblongata (Cardiac Control Center)

The control center in the brainstem that receives signals from baroreceptors and chemoreceptors and regulates heart rate through the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

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Myogenic Stimulation

The heart's ability to beat without external signals, controlled by its own specialized cells.

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Sinoatrial Node (SAN)

The pacemaker of the heart, located in the right atrium. It initiates the electrical signal that triggers a heartbeat.

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Atrioventricular Node (AVN)

A region of non-conducting tissue between the atria and ventricles. It delays the signal from the SA Node, ensuring the atria contract before the ventricles.

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Bundle of His and Purkinje Fibers

These fibers conduct the electrical signal quickly through the ventricles, causing them to contract in a coordinated way.

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Right Atrium

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body through large veins called the vena cava.

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Left Atrium

The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through four pulmonary veins.

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Right Ventricle

The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery.

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Left Ventricle

The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta.

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