10 Questions
During which week of embryonic development does the midgut initially form from the primitive gut tube?
4th week
What is the axis of rotation of the midgut loop during the 10th week of development?
Superior mesenteric artery
Which part of the large intestine is formed by the caudal limb of the midgut loop?
Ascending colon
What is the primary blood supply for the midgut structures?
Superior mesenteric artery
What is the outcome of the physiological herniation process?
Herniation of the midgut into the umbilical cord
What is the path of deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae to the right ventricle?
Into the right atrium and then through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle
Which of the following arteries does NOT supply the stomach?
Renal artery
What is the path of oxygenated blood from the lungs to the arch of the aorta?
Through the pulmonary vein into the left atrium and then into the left ventricle
Which of the following arteries is a branch of the abdominal aorta?
Celiac trunk
What is the function of the mitral valve in the heart?
To allow blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle
Study Notes
Circulatory Pathway
- Deoxygenated blood from the body flows into the superior and inferior vena cavae
- Deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae enters the right atrium
- Blood flows through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle
- Blood is pumped through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery and into the lungs to be oxygenated
- Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs through the pulmonary vein into the left atrium
- Blood flows through the mitral valve into the left ventricle
- Oxygenated blood is pumped through the aortic valve into the aorta and distributed to the rest of the body
Abdominal Aorta Branches
- Phrenic artery: supplies the diaphragm
- Body of abdominal aorta: main artery in the abdominal cavity
- Celiac trunk: supplies the foregut
- Superior mesenteric artery: supplies the midgut (from the 2nd part of the duodenum to the splenic flexure of the large intestine)
- Renal artery: supplies the left and right kidneys
- Suprarenal glands: supplied by the superior phrenic artery, inferior renal arteries, and abdominal aorta
- Splenic artery: supplies the spleen, pancreas, and stomach
- Gastric artery: supplies the stomach, spleen, and pancreas
- Hepatic artery: supplies the liver, duodenum, and pancreas
- Gonadal arteries: derive from the abdominal aorta and renal artery
- Inferior mesenteric artery: supplies the hindgut (including the descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum)
- Left and right iliac arteries: bifurcate into the internal and external iliac arteries and supply the urinary bladder
Midgut Development
- Midgut develops from the primitive gut tube in the 4th week of embryonic development
- Midgut undergoes rapid elongation and herniation into the umbilical cord around the 6th week of development
- Midgut loop rotates 270 degrees counterclockwise around the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) during the 10th week of development
- Cranial limb of the midgut loop returns to the abdominal cavity and forms the small intestine
- Caudal limb of the midgut loop returns to the abdominal cavity and forms parts of the large intestine
- Midgut forms the distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and the proximal two-thirds of the transverse colon
- Blood supply to the midgut is primarily from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
Follow the flow of blood from the superior and inferior venae cavae to the arch of the aorta, including the right and left sides of the body and the type of blood in each vessel.
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