Human Chromosomes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between a diploid cell and a haploid cell?

  • Size of the cell
  • Number of chromosomes (correct)
  • Location within the body
  • Presence of mitochondria

Why are gametes considered haploid cells?

  • To save energy
  • To ensure genetic diversity upon fertilization (correct)
  • To allow them to divide more rapidly
  • To make them smaller in size

What is the function of meiosis in the human body?

  • To create identical diploid cells
  • To produce haploid gametes for sexual reproduction (correct)
  • To repair damaged cells
  • To increase the number of chromosomes in somatic cells

Which stage of meiosis involves the separation of homologous chromosomes?

<p>Anaphase 1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes are present in each cell after meiosis 1?

<p>Half the original number (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of homologous pairs of chromosomes in meiosis?

<p>They help in crossing over and genetic variation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During prophase 1 of meiosis, which of the following events occurs?

<p>Synapsis occurs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main outcome of crossing over during meiosis?

<p>Mixing DNA from maternal and paternal chromosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of nondisjunction in meiosis?

<p>Irregular chromosome numbers in offspring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the trait that appears less in offspring?

<p>Recessive trait (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the F1 Generation and the P generation?

<p>Generation order (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of meiosis typically has tetrads aligning on the metaphase plate?

<p>Metaphase 2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Haploid Cell

Cells containing a single set of chromosomes, half of the number found in diploid cells.

Diploid Cell

Cells containing two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Meiosis

The process of cell division that produces haploid gametes from diploid germ cells.

Anaphase I

The separation of homologous chromosome pairs during meiosis.

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Crossing Over

The process of exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.

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Nondisjunction

The failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis, leading to abnormal chromosome numbers in offspring.

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Recessive Trait

A trait that only shows up in offspring when two recessive alleles are present.

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F1 generation

The first generation of offspring produced by a cross of two parental organisms.

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P generation

The original generation of organisms used in a cross.

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Metaphase II

The stage where paired chromosomes align on the metaphase plate during meiosis.

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