Human Chromosomes and Karyotypes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What process results in the halving of chromosomes and contributes to genetic variation in offspring?

  • Gametogenesis
  • Meiosis (correct)
  • Fertilization
  • Mitosis
  • During which stage of the human life cycle does the zygote produce somatic cells by mitosis?

  • Gametogenesis
  • Meiosis
  • Fertilization
  • Development into an adult (correct)
  • What is the main difference between gametes and somatic cells in humans?

  • Function in reproduction
  • Type of cell division
  • Developmental stage
  • Number of chromosomes (correct)
  • How do gametes differ from most other cells in the human body?

    <p>They are produced by meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the alternation of meiosis and fertilization in sexual life cycles?

    <p>Maintains chromosome number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of life cycle do plants and some algae exhibit both a diploid and haploid multicellular stage?

    <p>'Alternation of generations'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What holds the homologous chromosomes tightly together during synapsis in meiosis?

    <p>Synaptonemal complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the role of the synaptonemal complex in meiosis?

    <p>It holds homologous chromosomes together during prophase I.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of meiosis involves the breaking and joining of DNA segments between nonsister chromatids?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the outcomes of mitosis and meiosis?

    <p>Mitosis produces genetically identical cells, while meiosis produces genetically diverse cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is unique to meiosis I and contributes to genetic diversity?

    <p>Crossing over of homologous chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs after interphase in meiosis that allows sister chromatids to be held together?

    <p>Proteins called cohesins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis does the synaptonemal complex, facilitating crossing over, form?

    <p>Early prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of meiosis do cohesins get cleaved along the chromosome arms for the separation of homologs?

    <p>Anaphase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the synaptonemal complex in meiosis?

    <p>Promoting genetic diversity through crossing over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event occurs during anaphase I of meiosis?

    <p>Separation of homologs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of meiosis do sister chromatid cohesion allow sister chromatids to stay together?

    <p>Metaphase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which stage of mitosis are cohesins cleaved?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of gametes in the human life cycle?

    <p>Forming zygotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the haploid number (n) for humans?

    <p>23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?

    <p>Prophase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the sister chromatids align during metaphase II in meiosis?

    <p>Arranged at the metaphase plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes cytokinesis in meiosis I?

    <p>Formation of a cleavage furrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event distinguishes prophase II from prophase I of meiosis?

    <p>Formation of the spindle apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of anaphase II in meiosis?

    <p>'X-shaped' regions separation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many phases are involved in division during meiosis II?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in metaphase I of meiosis that differentiates it from metaphase in mitosis?

    <p>Homologous chromosomes pair up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase involves the separation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis?

    <p>Anaphase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism does NOT contribute to genetic variation?

    <p>Protein denaturation errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many possible combinations of chromosomes can result from independent assortment and sexual reproduction in humans?

    <p>70 trillion diploid combinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the original source of all genetic variation?

    <p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process contributes to genetic variation by mixing maternal and paternal chromosomes?

    <p>Independent assortment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Random fertilization contributes to genetic variation by:

    <p>Allowing any sperm to fuse with any egg, each with a unique combination of chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does crossing over contribute to genetic variation?

    <p>By exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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