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Questions and Answers
What is the source of nutrition for an infant up to the age of 6 months?
What is the source of nutrition for an infant up to the age of 6 months?
Which phase of lactogenesis is between mid-pregnancy and two days postpartum?
Which phase of lactogenesis is between mid-pregnancy and two days postpartum?
What are the major components of human milk?
What are the major components of human milk?
What is the function of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages and epithelial cells in human milk?
What is the function of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages and epithelial cells in human milk?
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Which phase of lactogenesis involves the increased production of lactose, glucose, and milk lipids?
Which phase of lactogenesis involves the increased production of lactose, glucose, and milk lipids?
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How many separate chemical compounds have been found in human milk?
How many separate chemical compounds have been found in human milk?
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During which stage is the production and maintenance of mature milk from day 9 postpartum until weaning referred to as?
During which stage is the production and maintenance of mature milk from day 9 postpartum until weaning referred to as?
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What inhibits the production of milk when the alveoli is full?
What inhibits the production of milk when the alveoli is full?
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What is the primary function of colostrum, also known as 'the first milk'?
What is the primary function of colostrum, also known as 'the first milk'?
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What marks the transition from colostrum to mature milk in breast milk production?
What marks the transition from colostrum to mature milk in breast milk production?
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Which hormone allows prolactin to move into the lactocytes and stimulate the synthesis of breast milk components?
Which hormone allows prolactin to move into the lactocytes and stimulate the synthesis of breast milk components?
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At which stage does involution occur?
At which stage does involution occur?
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What changes occur in prolactin receptors when the alveolus is full of milk?
What changes occur in prolactin receptors when the alveolus is full of milk?
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What characterizes transitional breast milk in terms of its content?
What characterizes transitional breast milk in terms of its content?
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Which hormone is responsible for changes in the breasts during pregnancy to enable the production of milk?
Which hormone is responsible for changes in the breasts during pregnancy to enable the production of milk?
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What is the primary role of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in breast milk production?
What is the primary role of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in breast milk production?
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Study Notes
Nutrition for Infants
- Breast milk is the primary source of nutrition for infants up to the age of 6 months.
Lactogenesis
- The phase of lactogenesis between mid-pregnancy and two days postpartum is called Stage I or Secretory Differentiation.
- Stage II of lactogenesis, also known as Secretory Activation, involves the increased production of lactose, glucose, and milk lipids.
Human Milk Components
- The major components of human milk are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and other nutrients.
- Human milk contains over 200 separate chemical compounds.
Immunologic Functions of Human Milk
- T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, and epithelial cells in human milk provide immunological protection to the infant.
Milk Production and Maintenance
- The production and maintenance of mature milk from day 9 postpartum until weaning is referred to as Stage III of lactogenesis or Galactopoiesis.
- High levels of prolactin and progesterone maintain milk production during this stage.
Regulation of Milk Production
- The presence of milk in the alveoli inhibits the production of milk, a process called autocrine control.
- The hormone prolactin allows the synthesis of breast milk components by stimulating lactocytes.
- Insulin and cortisol are also involved in the regulation of milk production.
Colostrum and Transitional Breast Milk
- The primary function of colostrum, also known as 'the first milk', is to provide immunological protection to the infant.
- The transition from colostrum to mature milk occurs around 7-10 days postpartum.
- Transitional breast milk is characterized by a higher concentration of immunoglobulins and lower levels of lactose and lipids compared to mature milk.
Hormonal Regulation
- Progesterone is responsible for changes in the breasts during pregnancy to enable the production of milk.
- The primary role of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in breast milk production is to stimulate the release of cortisol, which helps regulate milk production.
- When the alveolus is full of milk, prolactin receptors are downregulated, reducing the production of milk.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the composition and characteristics of human breast milk, its role in infant nutrition, and its ability to protect against childhood diseases.
