Human Breast Anatomy and Physiology Quiz

Milk-secreting glands in the breast, responsible for producing milk during lactation.

The process of creating milk in the mammary glands. It is triggered by hormonal changes during pregnancy.

The outer, darker area surrounding the nipple of the breast. It contains special glands that secrete substances to keep the nipple lubricated and protect it during breastfeeding.

Small bumps that appear on the areola during pregnancy. These glands secrete a protective oil that helps keep the nipple lubricated and prevents cracks during breastfeeding.

A hormone that stimulates the development and growth of the alveoli in the breast during pregnancy, preparing them for milk production.

The first milk produced by the breast after birth. It is rich in antibodies and nutrients that help protect the newborn baby from infections.

The visible part of the breast that protrudes from the chest, responsible for nourishing the baby during breastfeeding.

The process of milk leaving the breast. It is controlled by a complex interplay of hormones and physical stimulation.

A group of specialized cells, arranged in a single layer, which line the alveoli and are responsible for producing milk.

The process of the breast changing in size and shape during pregnancy. It is driven by hormonal changes and prepares the breast for lactation.

The dark, pigmented area surrounding the nipple, which gets darker during pregnancy.

Small, raised bumps on the areola, these glands become prominent during pregnancy and provide lubrication and protection for the nipple.

The sensory nerves in the nipple send signals to the hypothalamus, which controls the release of breast milk and influences maternal behavior.

A study redefined the anatomy of the lactating breast using ultrasound imaging, revealing that milk ducts branch closer to the nipple than previously thought.

The new understanding of breast anatomy suggests that milk ducts branch close to the nipple, directly contradicting the old view which stated that branching only occurred deep within the breast.

Previously, it was believed that lactiferous sinuses existed in the breast, but recent research (Ramsay et al., 2005) has shown that they do not. These sinuses were thought to be reservoirs for storing milk.

Earlier anatomical models assumed glandular tissue was evenly distributed throughout the breast. However, new research (Ramsay et al., 2005) indicates that approximately 65% of glandular tissue is concentrated within 30mm of the nipple.

Previous depictions of breast anatomy suggested a radial and symmetrical ductal network. The updated understanding (Ramsay et al., 2005) is that this network is often not symmetrical or radial.

The number of ducts exiting the nipple is often less than previously thought, with an average of only 9 ducts instead of the previously estimated 15 - 20.

Cooper's ligaments are fibrous bands of tissue that provide support for the breast. They play a crucial role in maintaining its shape and structure.

Retromammary fat is a layer of adipose tissue that sits behind the glandular tissue of the breast. It helps to cushion and protect the breast tissue.

Glandular tissue is the key component for milk production. It's comprised of tiny structures called alveoli, which produce and store milk.

Intraglandular fat is a layer of adipose tissue embedded within the glandular tissue of the breast. It contributes to the overall size and shape of the breast.