Human Brain Parts Anatomy Quiz

Interior Brain Parts

• Brainstem: Connects the spinal cord and the brain; contains the reticular activating system (RAS)
• RAS: Responsible for brain alertness
• Limbic System: Located above the brainstem, it generates emotions and processes emotional memories
• Thalamus: Plays a key role in memory and many cognitive functions
• Hypothalamus: Monitors the internal system to maintain homeostasis, or the body's normal state
• Hippocampus: Essential for consolidating learning and converting information to long-term storage
• Amygdala: Involved in emotions, particularly fear

Exterior Brain Parts

• Frontal lobe: Responsible for planning, thinking, and contains the "self-will" area or personality
• Temporal lobes: Process auditory information, including sounds and language
• Occipital lobe: Located at the back of the head, responsible for visual processing
• Parietal lobe: Focuses on spatial orientation, calculation, and recognition
• Motor cortex: Controls body movement and works with the cerebellum to coordinate learning motor skills
• Somatosensory cortex: Processes touch signals received from the body

Additional Brain Components

• Schwann cell: Produces myelin sheath
• Neurogenesis: The creation of new neurons
• Cerebrum: Largest part of the brain, associated with higher-order thinking and decision-making
• Gyri: Folded bulges on the cerebrum
• Fissures: Deep furrows on the cerebrum
• Sulci: Shallow furrows on the cerebrum
• Corpus Callosum: Connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain
• Cerebellum: Coordinates voluntary movements and balance
• Dendrites: Receive signals from other cells
• Axon: Transfers signals to other cells and organs
• Synapse: The gap between neurons
• Myelin sheath: Speeds up signal transmission
• Nucleus: Controls the entire neuron

Mental Well-being

• Also known as psychological well-being
• Refers to a state free from mental or emotional disorders
• Psychologically well-adjusted adolescents can problem solve realistically, make informed choices, and display resilience

Mental Health Challenges/Disorders

• Eating Disorders

  • Anorexia nervosa: Fear of weight gain, distorted body image, and dangerously low body weight
  • Bulimia nervosa: Similar to anorexia, involves binge eating followed by purging behaviors (vomiting, excessive exercise)

• Anxiety Disorders

  • Phobic Disorder: Intense, irrational fear of specific objects, situations, or activities causing distress and disruption in daily life
  • Panic Disorder: Sudden, intense feelings of fear and stress ("panic attacks")
  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or rituals (compulsions) to reduce anxiety

• Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

  • Also known as clinical depression
  • Persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, and various physical and emotional symptoms

• Bi-polar Disorder

  • Characterized by rapid shifts in mood, from happy to sad, with intense highs and lows

• Conduct Disorder

  • Repeated pattern of behaviors violating the basic rights of others

• Personality Disorders

  • Enduring patterns of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that deviate from cultural expectations, causing distress or impairment
  • Paranoid Personality Disorder: Persistent distrust and suspicion of others
  • Antisocial Personality Disorder: Disregard for and violation of others' rights
  • Histrionic Personality Disorder: Excessive attention-seeking, need for approval, and intense emotional expression
  • Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Inflated sense of self-importance, need for admiration, lack of empathy
  • Avoidant Personality Disorder: Intense feelings of inadequacy, sensitivity to criticism, and fear of rejection
  • Dependent Personality Disorder: Excessive need to be taken care of, submissive and clingy behavior, and fear of separation
  • Obsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder: Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control