Questions and Answers
What part of the brain is responsible for conscious thought and perception of sensations?
cerebrum
What part of the brain controls muscle movement and governs balance?
cerebellum
What connects the spinal cord and cerebrum?
brainstem
A ________ is a shallower groove that surrounds a gyrus.
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A ______ is a large furrow that divides the brain into lobes.
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What are the three parts of the brainstem?
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What are the four regions of the brain?
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What are raised areas or ridges on the surface of the cerebrum called?
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What are grooves or depressions on the surface of the cerebrum called?
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Which structures are included in the diencephalon?
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Study Notes
Brain Structures and Functions
- Cerebrum: Responsible for conscious thought and perception of sensations.
- Cerebellum: Controls muscle movement, tone, and balance.
- Brainstem: Connects spinal cord to cerebrum; includes midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, and reticular formation.
- Central Sulcus: A prominent groove that separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe.
Brain Components
- Temporal Lobe: Associated with processing auditory information and memory.
- Parietal Lobe: Involved in sensory processing and spatial orientation.
- Thalamus: Acts as a relay station for sensory information to the cerebral cortex.
- Hypothalamus: Regulates hormonal balance and homeostatic functions.
- Pituitary Gland: Known as the "master gland," it regulates several endocrine functions.
Anatomical Features
- Gyri (Gyrus): Elevated ridges on the brain surface, increasing surface area.
- Sulci (Sulcus): Grooves that separate gyri; shallower than fissures.
- Fissures: Deep grooves that divide the brain into lobes; larger than sulci.
- Longitudinal Fissure: Divides the cerebrum into left and right hemispheres.
Brain Regions
- Diencephalon: Composed of the epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus.
- Brainstem Components: Consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
- Corpus Callosum: A thick band of fibers connecting left and right cerebral hemispheres.
Views and Labeling
- Superior-Lateral View: Displays upper brain structures; important for labeling.
- Inferior-Lateral View: Shows structures located beneath the brain; used for identifying cranial nerves.
- Coronal View: Reveals inner structures like the fornix, gray matter, white matter, and ventricles (e.g., lateral ventricle, third ventricle).
Additional Structures
- Mammillary Bodies: Involved in memory processing; part of the limbic system.
- Fornix: A tract connecting limbic system structures; important for memory.
- Olfactory Bulb: Involved in the sense of smell.
- Optic Chiasm: The point where optic nerves cross; crucial for vision processing.
Ventricular System
- Cavities within the Brain: Contain cerebrospinal fluid, aiding in protection and nourishment.
- Lateral Ventricles: Largest cavities in the brain's ventricular system.
- Third Ventricle: Located between the left and right thalamus; connected to lateral ventricles.
Brain Viewpoint and Identifications
- Postcentral Gyrus: Primary somatosensory area where sensory signals from the body are processed.
- Precentral Gyrus: Primary motor area controlling voluntary movements.
- Inferior View of Medulla Oblongata and Pons: Important for understanding brainstem function and cranial nerve attachment points.
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Description
Test your knowledge of brain anatomy with these flashcards. Each card includes a key term and its definition, covering important parts of the brain such as the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. Perfect for students studying neuroscience or psychology.
