Questions and Answers
Where can epithelial cells be found?
Covering the surface of the body and lining the body cavities
What is the structure of epithelial cells?
Single or multiple layers of close-packed cells with very little extracellular material
What are the surfaces of epithelial cells called?
Apical, basal, and lateral
Where can simple squamous epithelium be found?
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What is the origin of epithelial cells?
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What supports epithelial cells?
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What is the primary function of the epithelium in the lungs?
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Where are goblet cells often found and what is their function?
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In which location do non-ciliated columnar cells perform absorption?
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What is the microscopic appearance of epithelial cells in the stomach and gallbladder?
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What is the primary function of the mesothelium?
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Where are ciliated columnar cells found and what is their primary function?
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What is the primary function of single-layered cuboidal cells?
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Where can microvilli and cilia be present on epithelial cells?
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What type of cells have centrally-placed spherical nuclei and what is their primary function?
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Where can single layer of tall, narrow columnar cells be found and what is their primary function?
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Study Notes
Epithelial Cells
- Epithelial cells can be found in the lining of organs, glands, and body surfaces.
Structure of Epithelial Cells
- Epithelial cells have a free surface and a attached surface.
- The attached surface is in contact with a basement membrane.
- The free surface can have microvilli, cilia, or other surface specializations.
Surfaces of Epithelial Cells
- The free surface is the surface exposed to the outside environment or a body cavity.
- The attached surface is the surface attached to a basement membrane.
Types of Epithelium
- Simple squamous epithelium can be found in the lining of blood vessels, alveoli, and Bowman's capsule.
Origin of Epithelial Cells
- Epithelial cells originate from all three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.
Support of Epithelial Cells
- Epithelial cells are supported by a basement membrane.
Function of Epithelium in Lungs
- The primary function of the epithelium in the lungs is to facilitate gas exchange.
Goblet Cells
- Goblet cells are often found in the lining of respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.
- Their function is to produce mucin, a thick protective mucus.
Non-Ciliated Columnar Cells
- Non-ciliated columnar cells perform absorption in the intestine.
Microscopic Appearance of Epithelial Cells
- In the stomach and gallbladder, epithelial cells have a single layer of columnar cells with microvilli.
Mesothelium
- The primary function of the mesothelium is to reduce friction and facilitate movement.
Ciliated Columnar Cells
- Ciliated columnar cells are found in the respiratory tract.
- Their primary function is to move mucus and debris out of the lungs.
Cuboidal Cells
- Single-layered cuboidal cells are found in the kidney and adrenal gland.
- Their primary function is to filter waste and produce hormones.
Microvilli and Cilia
- Microvilli and cilia can be present on epithelial cells in the intestine and respiratory tract.
Centrally-Placed Spherical Nuclei
- Cells with centrally-placed spherical nuclei are found in the kidney and adrenal gland.
- Their primary function is to filter waste and produce hormones.
Columnar Cells
- A single layer of tall, narrow columnar cells can be found in the intestine and gallbladder.
- Their primary function is to absorb nutrients and facilitate digestion.
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