Human Body Systems

• Evolutionary relationships and structures involve common ancestry and structural differences

Common Ancestry and Structural Differences

• Homo Logos and Homo Collo share a common ancestor, suggesting similar structural origins, but have different functions.
• Tidal Structures are non-functional structures which were previously functional.
• Analogous Structures refer to different structures performing the same functions.

Natural Selection

• Favorable traits within a population increase over time because of it.
• Population features are altered due to this and change individual organisms.

Parallels Between Plant and Human Systems

Circulatory System

• The human circulatory system transports blood, oxygen, and nutrients throughout the body.
• Xylem transports fluids, nutrients, and water throughout plants.

Skeletal System

• The human skeletal system provides structure and support.
• The trunk of a tree provides structure and support.

Respiratory System

• The human respiratory system facilitates gas exchange.
• Leaves facilitate gas exchange through stomata.

Plant Circulatory System

• Transports water, minerals, and nutrients in humans
• Trunk contains xylem and pholem, transports water, minerals, and nutrients in plants

Human Body Systems and Their Functions

Excretory System

• Eliminates waste from the body, such as sweat through the skin.

Integumentary System

• Cools the skin.

Nervous System

• Senses environmental conditions (e.g., hot weather) and sends signals to the brain.

System Interactions: Examples

• Running upstairs involves the skeletal and respiratory systems.
• Nutrient distribution involves the digestive and circulatory systems.
• Preparing for pregnancy involves the reproductive and muscular systems.
• Healing a skin wound involves the integumentary and circulatory systems.
• Removing carbon dioxide involves the respiratory system.
• Removing liquid toxins involves the excretory system.

Endocrine and Skeletal System

• Gigantism results from long-term oversecretion of growth hormones.
  • It accelerates the growth of muscles and bones during childhood or adolescence, potentially leads to excessive height (over 8 feet) and muscle weakness.

Fighting Infections: A Collaborative Approach

• Nervous System: Detects irregularities and sends signals.
• Circulatory System: Transports cells and blood to the affected area.
• Integumentary System: White blood cells and skin collaborate to heal.
• Immune System: Fights off infection.

System Interactions: Q&A

• Question: Which system interacts with the excretory system to transport plasma to the kidneys?
  • Answer: Circulatory System
• Question: How do two body systems work together to fight infections?
  • Answer: The immune system fights the infection, while the circulatory system transports immune cells and substances to the site of infection.

Plant and Human System Analogies

• Circulatory System: Xylem and Phloem
• Reproductive: Stigma
• Respiratory: Stomata

Excretion

• A person sweats to eliminate waste through the skin.
• Toxic carbon dioxide (CO2) is released as waste through the lungs.

Immune and Circulatory Systems

• Works to together fight infections.

Explore the various systems of the human body. Understand how each system functions independently and collaboratively. Learn about the different roles and interactions between systems.