Human Body Systems Quiz

Human Body Systems

• There are 11 major human body systems:
  1. Nervous System: controls body functions
  2. Circulatory System: transports oxygen and nutrients
  3. Respiratory System: brings oxygen into the body
  4. Digestive System: breaks down food for energy
  5. Endocrine System: produces hormones
  6. Immune System: fights diseases
  7. Muscular System: moves the body
  8. Skeletal System: provides structure and support
  9. Integumentary System: protects the body
  10. Urinary System: removes waste
  11. Reproductive System: produces offspring

Plants and Photosynthesis

• Photosynthesis: process by which plants make their own food
  • Requires: light, water, carbon dioxide, and chlorophyll
  • Produces: glucose and oxygen
• Plant structures:
  • Roots: absorb water and nutrients
  • Stem: supports the plant
  • Leaves: site of photosynthesis
  • Flowers: produce seeds

5 Animal Kingdoms

• Kingdoms:
  1. Mammalia (Mammals): warm-blooded, hair, and produce milk
  2. Aves (Birds): warm-blooded, feathers, and lay eggs
  3. Reptilia (Reptiles): cold-blooded, scales, and lay eggs
  4. Amphibia (Amphibians): cold-blooded, moist skin, and lay eggs
  5. Pisces (Fish): cold-blooded, gills, and lay eggs

Cellular Organization

• Cell structure:
  • Cell membrane: outer layer
  • Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside cell
  • Nucleus: controls cell growth
• Cellular organelles:
  • Mitochondria: generates energy
  • Ribosomes: produces proteins
  • Lysosomes: breaks down waste

Classification of Plants

• Kingdom Plantae:
  • Flowering plants (Angiosperms): produce seeds in fruits
  • Conifers (Gymnosperms): produce seeds in cones
  • Ferns (Pteridophytes): produce spores
  • Mosses and Liverworts (Bryophytes): produce spores

Classification of Animals

• Kingdom Animalia:
  • Vertebrates (animals with backbones):
    • Mammals
    • Birds
    • Reptiles
    • Amphibians
    • Fish
  • Invertebrates (animals without backbones):
    • Insects
    • Arachnids
    • Mollusks
    • Echinoderms

Human Body Systems

• There are 11 major human body systems that work together to maintain homeostasis.
• The Nervous System controls body functions and enables communication between different parts of the body.
• The Circulatory System transports oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes waste products.
• The Respiratory System brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide through the process of breathing.
• The Digestive System breaks down food into energy and nutrients that can be absorbed by the body.
• The Endocrine System produces hormones that regulate various bodily functions.
• The Immune System fights diseases and protects the body against pathogens.
• The Muscular System moves the body and maintains posture.
• The Skeletal System provides structure and support for the body.
• The Integumentary System protects the body from external damage and regulates body temperature.
• The Urinary System removes waste and excess fluids from the body.
• The Reproductive System produces offspring and maintains the continuity of the species.

Plants and Photosynthesis

• Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make their own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, and chlorophyll.
• Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen as byproducts.
• Plant roots absorb water and nutrients from the soil.
• The stem supports the plant and transports nutrients and water to different parts of the plant.
• Leaves are the site of photosynthesis and produce glucose and oxygen.
• Flowers produce seeds that contain the genetic material necessary for plant reproduction.

5 Animal Kingdoms

• Mammals are warm-blooded, have hair, and produce milk to feed their young.
• Birds are warm-blooded, have feathers, and lay eggs.
• Reptiles are cold-blooded, have scales, and lay eggs.
• Amphibians are cold-blooded, have moist skin, and lay eggs.
• Fish are cold-blooded, have gills, and lay eggs.

Cellular Organization

• The cell membrane is the outer layer of the cell that regulates the movement of molecules in and out of the cell.
• Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance inside the cell where metabolic processes take place.
• The nucleus controls cell growth and contains the genetic material necessary for cell reproduction.
• Mitochondria generate energy for the cell through the process of cellular respiration.
• Ribosomes produce proteins necessary for cell growth and maintenance.
• Lysosomes break down and recycle waste products and foreign substances in the cell.

Classification of Plants

• Flowering plants (Angiosperms) produce seeds in fruits and are the most diverse group of plants.
• Conifers (Gymnosperms) produce seeds in cones and are often found in cooler climates.
• Ferns (Pteridophytes) produce spores and are often found in moist environments.
• Mosses and Liverworts (Bryophytes) produce spores and are often found in damp environments.

Classification of Animals

• Vertebrates (animals with backbones) include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish.
• Invertebrates (animals without backbones) include insects, arachnids, mollusks, and echinoderms.