Human Body Systems

Study Notes

The digestive system breaks down food into simpler, absorbable forms.
The muscular system covers the bones and helps in producing movement, with the main organ being muscles.
The reproductive system produces sex cells needed for the creation of offspring, with the major organs being testes and ovaries.
The endocrine system regulates different hormones needed for the body to function accordingly.
The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of gas in the body, with the main organ being the lungs.
The circulatory system transports blood, which carries nutrients and oxygen to the body, with the main organ being the heart.
The nervous system controls all the body systems, with the main organ being the brain.

Camouflage is a behavior where animals blend with their surroundings to hide from predators or prey.
Mimicry is a behavior where animals copy other animals or objects to appear harmless or harmful.
Migration is a behavior where animals move to another place to find warmth, food, water, and breeding areas.
Hibernation is a deep sleep during winter, where animals eat a lot before sleeping.

Charles Darwin is the father of evolution and studied the theory of evolution through finches in the Galapagos.
Natural selection is the process where animals with traits best suited to their environment are more likely to survive.
Variation is genetic variation within a population that can be inherited.
Competition is the struggle for survival due to overproduction of offspring.
Adaptation is the process where individuals with beneficial adaptations are more likely to survive.
Taxonomy or systematics is the science of naming, defining, and classifying organisms into evolutionarily related groups.
Binomial nomenclature is a system of naming species using a two-part name (genus and species).

The six kingdoms of life are: Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
Each kingdom has its own characteristics, such as:
- Eubacteria: older bacteria, extreme dwellers, halophiles, acidophiles, thermophiles.
- Protista: garbage kingdom, sharing characteristics with almost all kingdoms, plant-like, animal-like, fungus-like, most protists are unicellular.
- Fungi: decomposer organisms, loves moisture, darkness, multicellular, mushrooms, yeast, mildew, rusts.
- Plantae: producer organisms, perform photosynthesis, all plants, vascular (seedless and seed-bearing).
- Animalia: consumer organisms, all animals, invertebrates (sponges, jellyfish, corals, flatworms, roundworms, arthropods), vertebrates (jawless fishes, cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).