Human Body Systems Overview

Human Body Systems

• The Smallest Cell to a Complete Body System Functions Together:
  • Human life processes
  • Organization
  • Metabolism
  • Responsiveness
  • Movement
  • Reproduction
  • Growth
  • Respiration
  • Digestion
  • Excretion

The 10 Body Systems

• Skeletal: Provides a framework for the body.
• Muscular: Allows body movement.
• Circulatory: Moves blood through the body.
• Nervous: Sends and receives messages.
• Digestive: Supplies nutrients to the body.
• Excretory: Eliminates wastes from the body.
• Respiratory: Provides oxygen and eliminates CO2.
• Endocrine: Controls growth, reproduction, health.
• Reproductive: Generation of new life.

Integumentary System

• Covers and protects the entire body.
• Made up of skin and its accessory organs (sensory receptors, hair, nails, oil and sweat glands).
• Largest organ of the body.
• First-line defense against infection and water loss.
• Regulates temperature.
• Perceives sensation and produces vitamin D.
• Has absorption capabilities.
• Skin and its accessory organs (oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails) are crucial components in a skin care therapist's success.

Skeletal System

• Supports the body and enables movement with muscles.
• Contains cartilage, bone, and joints.
• Important in protecting body mechanics and landmarks.
• Provides shape and structure.
• Protects internal organs.
• Provides muscle attachment sites.
• Produces blood cells.
• Stores calcium.

Circulatory System

• Delivers oxygen and nutrients; equalizes body temperature.
• Works with lymphatic channels.
• Health of this system affects skin tissue.
• Contains the heart, blood vessels and blood.

Muscular System

• Works with the skeletal system for body temperature regulation.
• Covers, shapes and supports skeletal tissue.
• Contracts and moves parts of the body (muscles).
• Important for massage and electrical treatments.
• Prevents motion fatigue.

Nervous System

• Activates body responses and processes sensory information.
• Contains brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
• Important to know location of facial nerves for treatments.
• Contains sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Digestive System

• Processes food, absorbs nutrients, and removes wastes.
• Contains organs like stomach, liver, gall bladder, large intestine, and small intestine.
• Good nutrition supports all body systems.

Excretory System

• Controls water balance.
• Removes waste from blood.
• Excretory organs are kidneys and urinary bladder.

Respiratory System

• Enables breathing.
• Supplies the body with oxygen & removes carbon dioxide.
• Includes nasal passages, trachea, and lungs.
• Adequate oxygenation supports cell function.

Endocrine System

• Secretes hormones and regulates bodily processes.
• Affects growth, development, and sexual activities.
• Consists of specialized glands (pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, testes, and ovaries).
• Hormones affect skin health (acne breakouts, hair growth, and skin oiliness or dryness).

Immune / Lymphatic System

• Returns fluid to blood.
• Defends against pathogens.
• Develops resistance to disease.
• Includes thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphatic vessels.
• Important role in many treatments.

Reproductive System

• Produces children and transmits genetics.
• Involves combining tissues to function as organs.
• Cells working together form tissues, grouping of tissues form organs.

Skin Foundations - Oxidative Stress

• Skin care is about internal and external health.
• Chronic oxidative stress accelerates skin aging (loss of collagen/elastin, wrinkles, sagging, dark spots).
• Oxidative stress impacts skin barrier function, sensitivity, and moisture.
• Nutrition influences cellular beauty. Cells need proper nutrition, oxygen and water.

Hyperpigmentation

• Excessive UV radiation is a common cause.
• UV radiation increases melanin production, darkening the skin.
• Intrinsic factors (hormonal imbalances) can also contribute to hyperpigmentation.
• Proper nutrition (from fruits, vegetables, oxygen, and water) can support healthy cell function. Excessive sugar, dairy and other inappropriate foods can contribute to oxidative stress.