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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is defined as the dynamic constancy of the internal environment?
Which of the following is defined as the dynamic constancy of the internal environment?
- Effector
- Homeostasis (correct)
- Response
- Stimulus
Homeostasis is not essential for life.
Homeostasis is not essential for life.
False (B)
To maintain internal consistency, what must the human body have that are able to measure each condition of the internal environment?
To maintain internal consistency, what must the human body have that are able to measure each condition of the internal environment?
Sensors
What do negative feedback loops maintain?
What do negative feedback loops maintain?
A cell is mostly composed of what?
A cell is mostly composed of what?
What elements are macromolecules made up of?
What elements are macromolecules made up of?
What are the 4 categories of macromolecules?
What are the 4 categories of macromolecules?
What process involves adding a water molecule to reform simple molecules?
What process involves adding a water molecule to reform simple molecules?
What are carbohydrates, in terms of elements and ratio?
What are carbohydrates, in terms of elements and ratio?
What are the simplest form of sugars produced by plants?
What are the simplest form of sugars produced by plants?
Glucose and fructose make up which disaccharide?
Glucose and fructose make up which disaccharide?
Polymers of monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis are know as what?
Polymers of monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis are know as what?
The following describes which type of polysaccharide: Energy stored in plant starch
The following describes which type of polysaccharide: Energy stored in plant starch
The following describes which type of polysaccharide: Energy stored in animals found in liver and muscle cells.
The following describes which type of polysaccharide: Energy stored in animals found in liver and muscle cells.
The following describes which type of polysaccharide: Energy stored in cell walls
The following describes which type of polysaccharide: Energy stored in cell walls
What color appears in the test tube during the lab test for starch?
What color appears in the test tube during the lab test for starch?
What color appears in the test tube during the lab test for simple sugars?
What color appears in the test tube during the lab test for simple sugars?
What macromolecule is made of C, H and O atoms, functions include building cell membranes, building steroids and hormones and are used for insulation and are not soluble in water?
What macromolecule is made of C, H and O atoms, functions include building cell membranes, building steroids and hormones and are used for insulation and are not soluble in water?
What is made of one glycerol and 3 fatty acid molecules?
What is made of one glycerol and 3 fatty acid molecules?
Saturated fats are liquid at room temperature.
Saturated fats are liquid at room temperature.
Unsaturated fats are solid at room temperature.
Unsaturated fats are solid at room temperature.
What lipid contains 2 fatty acids and one phosphate attached to a glycerol molecule, is partially soluble in water and needed for cell membranes?
What lipid contains 2 fatty acids and one phosphate attached to a glycerol molecule, is partially soluble in water and needed for cell membranes?
The following describes what type if lipid: progesterone, cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen
The following describes what type if lipid: progesterone, cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen
Waxes are lipids used to waterproof what?
Waxes are lipids used to waterproof what?
Which of the following is the main material that make up cell parts, which serve many functions in the body, are complex molecules and perform most of the tasks the body needs to function?
Which of the following is the main material that make up cell parts, which serve many functions in the body, are complex molecules and perform most of the tasks the body needs to function?
Which of the following provides support, and are the proteins found in hair, horns, feathers, spider webs, and connective tissues such as tendons and ligaments?
Which of the following provides support, and are the proteins found in hair, horns, feathers, spider webs, and connective tissues such as tendons and ligaments?
Which of the following are found in seeds and eggs, provide a source of amino acids for developing plants and animals?
Which of the following are found in seeds and eggs, provide a source of amino acids for developing plants and animals?
Which of the following include hemoglobin, the iron-containing protein in blood that conveys oxygen from your lungs to other parts of the body?
Which of the following include hemoglobin, the iron-containing protein in blood that conveys oxygen from your lungs to other parts of the body?
What is the name of the carbon chain and a carboxyl group (acid group)?
What is the name of the carbon chain and a carboxyl group (acid group)?
What is the name of the process that links the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of the next?
What is the name of the process that links the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of the next?
Elevated temperature or a change in pH, can cause denaturation of a protein.
Elevated temperature or a change in pH, can cause denaturation of a protein.
What is the sequence of amino acids called?
What is the sequence of amino acids called?
Alpha helix or beta pleated sheet describes which structure of a protein?
Alpha helix or beta pleated sheet describes which structure of a protein?
What is the shape of 3D protein structure?
What is the shape of 3D protein structure?
The association of several protein chains or subunits into a tight arrangement describes what?
The association of several protein chains or subunits into a tight arrangement describes what?
What indicates the presence of proteins (Biuret Test)?
What indicates the presence of proteins (Biuret Test)?
What type of material is heredity, that is made of units of nucleotides to form?
What type of material is heredity, that is made of units of nucleotides to form?
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
What is the function of enzymes?
What is the function of enzymes?
What structure will an enzyme change shape slightly as, during the binding process?
What structure will an enzyme change shape slightly as, during the binding process?
What is the optimal range temperature for enzymes to work?
What is the optimal range temperature for enzymes to work?
What is the optimal pH enzymes generally prefer?
What is the optimal pH enzymes generally prefer?
Are chemicals which “fit in” and block the active site of the enzyme. slowing down reactions
Are chemicals which “fit in” and block the active site of the enzyme. slowing down reactions
Are chemicals which attach to the enzyme and cause a physical change, inhibiting the binding of the substrate and enzyme. Reaction will slow or even stop.
Are chemicals which attach to the enzyme and cause a physical change, inhibiting the binding of the substrate and enzyme. Reaction will slow or even stop.
Flashcards
Homeostasis
Homeostasis
The dynamic constancy of the internal environment in living organisms.
Sensors
Sensors
Cells that measure conditions of the internal environment to maintain homeostasis.
Control Center
Control Center
Region of the brain, spinal cord, or endocrine glands that maintains the set point.
Set Point
Set Point
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Negative Feedback Loop
Negative Feedback Loop
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Macromolecules
Macromolecules
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Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
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Lipids
Lipids
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Proteins
Proteins
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Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids
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Dehydration Synthesis
Dehydration Synthesis
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Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis
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Enzymes
Enzymes
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Active Site
Active Site
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Cofactors
Cofactors
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Coenzymes
Coenzymes
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Denaturation
Denaturation
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Optimum Temperature
Optimum Temperature
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Competitive Inhibitors
Competitive Inhibitors
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Non-Competitive Inhibitors
Non-Competitive Inhibitors
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Polypeptide Chain
Polypeptide Chain
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Starch
Starch
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Cellulose
Cellulose
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Glycogen
Glycogen
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Triglycerides
Triglycerides
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Phospholipids
Phospholipids
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Amino Acids
Amino Acids
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Primary Structure
Primary Structure
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Secondary Structure
Secondary Structure
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Tertiary Structure
Tertiary Structure
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Quaternary Structure
Quaternary Structure
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Study Notes
Body Systems
- The body has multiple systems working together
- Included are Digestive, Respiratory, Circulatory, Immune, Excretory and Muscular systems
Digestive System
- The digestive system breaks down food for energy
- Components include salivary glands, mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, appendix, rectum, and anus.
Homeostasis
- Homeostasis is the dynamic constancy of the internal environment
- Living organisms maintain homeostasis within limits.
- A change detected by a receptor triggers a response from an effector to maintain balance.
Macromolecules
- Large organic compounds are essential for life
- They include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
- Carbohydrates are produced by living organisms, containing elements of C, H, and O in a 1:2:1 ratio.
- Lipids are molecules that build cell membranes, build steroids, hormones, and insulate.
- Lipids are made of C, H, and O atoms.
- Lipids are not soluble in water
- Proteins are the main material that makes up cell parts and perform many functions.
- Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
- Nucleic acids are the hereditary material made up of nucleotides.
Enzymes
- Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts to speed up reactions.
- They have specific 3D shapes that fit a specific substrate(s).
- The active site of the enzyme binds to the substrate, making the substrate less stable and promoting the formation of new bonds.
- Factors affecting enzyme activity include temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and inhibitors.
Lab Tests
- Tests for identifying molecules, such as starch and simple sugars, using iodine and Benedict's solution.
- If a substance is a starch, a black/blue color indicates its presence
- If a substance is a simple sugar, a green, yellow, or orange color indicates its presence, after heating.
Additional Information
- Macromolecule examples and classification of molecules by type
- Links to youtube videos for additional study support are provided.
- Additional information about types of inhibitors, such as competitive or non-competitive inhibitors.
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Description
Explore the coordinated body systems, including digestive, respiratory, and circulatory functions. Understand homeostasis as the dynamic internal balance maintained by living organisms. Investigate essential macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids and their roles.
