Human Body Systems and Health - Unit Four
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Questions and Answers

The main component of natural gas, often called ______, is mostly composed of methane.

biogas

Which of the following hydrocarbons is commonly used in bottled gas for cooking and heating?

  • Ethanol
  • Methane
  • Ethyne
  • Propane (correct)

    • Ethyne is primarily used for producing oxyacetylene flames, which are utilized in the cutting and welding of metals.

    True (A)

    List two applications of ethanol.

    <p>Ethanol is used for alcoholic beverages and as a biofuel additive to gasoline. It also serves as a solvent in various applications, including perfumes and paints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following organic compounds with their primary uses:

    <p>Methane = Fuel gas for cooking, heating, and generating light Propane = Fuel gas for cooking and heating Ethyne = Production of oxyacetylene flames for cutting and welding Ethanol = Alcoholic beverages, biofuel additive, solvent Ethanoic acid = Food flavoring agent and preserving vegetables Formalin = Preservation of biological specimens, industrial disinfectant, antiseptic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula of methane?

    <p>CH4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The alkane with four carbon atoms is called ______.

    <p>butane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hydrocarbons is an alkene?

    <p>C6H10 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two important properties of bases?

    <p>Bases are slippery to the touch and taste bitter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hydroxide ion, ______, is a characteristic of all bases in an aqueous solution.

    <p>OH-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neutralization reactions always produce water and a salt as products.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common application of neutralization reactions?

    <p>Generating electricity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Baking soda, NaHCO3, is a common household item used to neutralize the ______ of ant and bee stings.

    <p>acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following neutralization reactions with the correct type of salt produced:

    <p>NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) = Sodium chloride Mg(OH)2 (aq) + HNO3 (aq) → Mg(NO3)2 (aq) + 2H2O (l) = Magnesium nitrate KOH (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) → K2SO4 (aq) + 2H2O (l) = Potassium sulfate Ca(OH)2 (aq) + 2HBr (aq) → CaBr2 (aq) + 2H2O (l) = Calcium bromide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for milk of magnesia, a common antacid?

    <p>Mg(OH)2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adding organic matter to basic soil will increase its acidity.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of oxides based on their chemical behavior?

    <p>Acidic and Basic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All non-metal oxides are acidic oxides.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general rule for determining whether an oxide is acidic or basic?

    <p>Oxides of non-metals are generally acidic, while oxides of metals are usually basic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reaction of an acidic oxide with water produces a(n) ______.

    <p>acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following oxides with their corresponding classifications:

    <p>Sulfur dioxide (SO2) = Acidic oxide Calcium oxide (CaO) = Basic oxide Carbon dioxide (CO2) = Acidic oxide Sodium oxide (Na2O) = Basic oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a property of non-metallic oxides?

    <p>They react with water to produce bases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for phosphorus pentoxide?

    <p>P2O5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Potassium oxide (K2O) is considered a basic oxide.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of teeth are used primarily for cutting?

    <p>Incisors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The esophagus is a muscular tube that leads from the stomach to the pharynx.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of digestion?

    <p>Mechanical digestion and chemical digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bile is produced by the ______ and stored in the ______.

    <p>liver, gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of the digestive system with their functions:

    <p>Stomach = Stores bile Gallbladder = Breaks down food Pancreas = Produces digestive enzymes Small Intestine = Absorbs nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many permanent teeth do humans typically have?

    <p>32 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The large intestine includes the rectum and anus.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct formula for potassium carbonate?

    <p>K2CO3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the liver?

    <p>To produce bile and filter blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sodium bicarbonate is also known as sodium carbonate.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the compound formed from the ions Mg2+ and 2Cl- ?

    <p>Magnesium chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The polyatomic ion that ends with '-ate' from nitrogen is called __________.

    <p>nitrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following salts with their chemical formulas:

    <p>Sodium chloride = NaCl Calcium carbonate = CaCO3 Potassium nitrate = KNO3 Sodium bicarbonate = NaHCO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following salts contains the phosphate ion?

    <p>Calcium phosphate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polyatomic anions can end with -ite or -ate but never with -ide.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the base and acid from which sodium nitrate is derived.

    <p>Sodium hydroxide (base) and nitric acid (acid).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gas is evolved when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to sodium carbonate?

    <p>Carbon dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reaction of acids with metal carbonates produces water, salt, and sulfur dioxide gas.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium bicarbonate.

    <p>HCl (aq) + 2NaHCO3 (aq) → Na2CO3 (aq) + 2H2O (l) + 2CO2(g)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acids react with bases to form _____ and water.

    <p>salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following compounds with their respective classifications in reactions with acids:

    <p>Na2CO3 = Metal carbonate NaHCO3 = Hydrogen carbonate Ca(OH)2 = Base H2SO4 = Strong acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a product of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydrogen carbonate?

    <p>Water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When tea is mixed with sodium bicarbonate, it will produce carbon dioxide gas.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to lime water when carbon dioxide is passed through it?

    <p>It turns milky.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Unit Four: Human Body Systems and Health

    • This unit covers the major organs and systems of the human body, their functions, associated diseases, and the effects of those diseases.

    Learning Outcomes

    • Students will be able to list the major organs that constitute the human body systems.
    • They will explain the main functions of the major human body systems.
    • Students will list the main diseases associated with the human body systems.
    • They will discuss the effects of diseases of the major human body systems.

    Main Contents

    • Integumentary System (4.1)
    • Muscular System (4.2)
    • Skeletal System (4.3)
    • Digestive System (4.4)
    • Respiratory System (4.5)
    • Circulatory System (4.6)
    • Reproductive System (4.7)

    Introduction

    • The human body is composed of cells, which function together in coordinated systems.
    • This unit explores the structure and function of major body systems.
    • It considers illnesses and their effects on the human body.

    Start-up Activity

    • Discuss the organs and systems in a group and share your findings to the class.
    • Identify the organs and systems that make up the human body and their respective roles. (Example: Skeletal, Muscular, Integumentary, Nervous, Endocrine, Lymphatic, Digestive, Respiratory, Cardiovascular, and Reproductive).

    4.1 Integumentary System

    • This system covers the entire human body
    • Key components include skin, hair, and nails, as well as glands like sweat and sebaceous glands.
    • The skin has layers (epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis).
    • Functions include protection, sensation (detecting heat, cold, pressure), body temperature regulation, and Vitamin D synthesis.
    • Key diseases include acne, blisters, hives, etc.

    4.2 Muscular System

    • Skeletal muscles allow movement of the body parts or fluids such as blood by contraction.
    • Human muscles are classified as Skeletal, Smooth and Cardiac.
    • Skeletal muscles contract voluntarily and quickly, while smooth muscles are involuntary and work at slower rates.
    • Cardiac muscles are responsible for the heart's functions.
    • Main functions, disorders and effects

    4.3 Skeletal System

    • Skeletal systems provide structural support, protection, and allow for movement.
    • Composed of bones, cartilages, and joints.
    • Types of joints include immovable and movable joints.
    • Diseases linked to the skeletal system include osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, fractures.
    • Functions, important components, disorders and their impacts

    4.4 Digestive System

    • The system consists of organs that break down food.
    • This system includes the alimentary canal, salivary gland, liver, pancreas.
    • Main functions include ingestion, digestion (mechanical and chemical), absorption, assimilation, and egestion.
    • Diseases include constipation, hemorrhoids, peptic ulcer disease.

    4.5 Respiratory System

    • Allows intake and absorption of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide.
    • Key organs are the lungs which allow gas exchange between the air and blood.
    • Main functions, organs, disorders and effects

    4.6 Circulatory System

    • Includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
    • Transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones throughout the body and removes waste products.
    • Main functions, diseases, organs and their impacts

    4.7 Reproductive System

    • Reproductive system's role is to produce offspring
    • Essential for the continuation of the species.
    • Detailed structure, functions of the system, associated diseases.

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    Grade 8 General Science Past Paper PDF 2022

    Description

    This quiz explores the major organs and systems of the human body, their functions, and related diseases. Students will demonstrate their understanding of human anatomy and the impact of diseases on body systems. It covers the integumentary, muscular, skeletal, digestive, respiratory, circulatory, and reproductive systems.

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