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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the skeleton in vertebrates?
What type of skeleton is found in animals such as jellyfish and worms?
What is the term for the rigid or semi-rigid structures supporting the soft tissues of an animal's body?
What is the main characteristic of immovable joints?
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What is the function of the Haversian canal in the skeletal system?
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What is the term for the hard covering on the outside of organisms that provides support and protection?
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What type of joint allows slight movement?
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What is the main component of mollusk exoskeletons?
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What is the term for the internal skeleton of an animal?
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How many bones are in the human skeleton?
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What is the term for the condition of brittle and porous bones?
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What is the term for the excessive sideways curvature of the spine?
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What is the primary function of osteoclasts in the skeletal system?
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What is the term for the natural process of forming bone?
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What is the primary component of compact bone?
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What is the first step in the treatment of broken bones?
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What determines whether a bone will break when a force is applied?
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What covers bones and provides a site for muscle attachment?
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Study Notes
Skeletal System
- The skeletal system is a rigid or semi-rigid structure that supports the soft tissues of an animal's body and provides leverage for muscular action.
- In vertebrates, the skeleton is known as the endoskeleton and is formed within the body.
Types of Skeletons
- Hydrostatic skeleton: the most primitive form of skeletal structure, found in animals such as jellyfish and worms, that consists of layers of muscle around a fluid-filled body cavity.
- Exoskeleton: a hard covering on the outside of organisms such as crustaceans, insects, turtles, and armadillos that provides support and protection.
- Endoskeleton: the internal skeleton of an animal, especially of a vertebrate, consisting of cartilage or a combination of cartilage and bone.
Human Skeleton
- The human skeleton consists of 206 bones.
- Divided into two main parts: axial skeleton (80 bones) and appendicular skeleton (126 bones).
- Axial skeleton: supports the axis, or trunk, of the body, and consists of the skull, backbone, and rib cage.
- Appendicular skeleton: supports the paired appendages, and consists of bones of the shoulder girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs.
Joints
- A joint is the place where bones meet.
- Three types of joints according to the amount of movement they allow:
- Immovable joints (fixed joints): do not allow movement, example: suture joints in the skull.
- Slightly movable joints (semifixed joints): allow slight movement, example: sacroiliac joint.
- Movable joints: provide flexibility.
Bone Tissues
- Bone tissues are served by blood vessels and nerves.
- Bone cells live in a matrix of flexible protein fibers and hard calcium salts.
- Three types of bone cells:
- Osteocytes: mature bone cells.
- Osteoblasts: synthesize the organic components of bone.
- Osteoclasts: responsible for the removal of bony matrix.
Bone Disorders
- Lower-back pain: persistent pain in part of the back.
- Arthritis: a medical condition affecting a joint or joints, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness.
- Osteoporosis: a disease occurring especially in women after the menopause, in which the bones become very porous, break easily, and heal slowly.
- Scoliosis: an excessive sideways curvature of the human spine.
Treatment for Bone Injuries
- The treatment of broken bones involves two steps:
- Realigning the bone: sometimes traction must be used to align the broken parts.
- Immobilizing the bone: use of splint or cast, plates, rods, and/or screws.
- Bone cells then build new bone and repair the break.
- Severely injured or diseased bone is beyond repair and must be replaced.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the skeletal system, including the structure and function of osseous tissue, with this quiz from Philippine Science High School. Covering topics such as osteocytes, Haversian canal, and vertebrates.
