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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a component of the central nervous system?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the central nervous system?
The autonomic nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements.
The autonomic nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements.
False
Name the three parts of the brainstem.
Name the three parts of the brainstem.
Midbrain, Pons, Medulla
The nervous system consists of the central nervous system and __________.
The nervous system consists of the central nervous system and __________.
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Match the following components of the nervous system with their description:
Match the following components of the nervous system with their description:
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What type of nerve conducts signals from sensory organs to the CNS?
What type of nerve conducts signals from sensory organs to the CNS?
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The autonomic nervous system only affects cardiac muscle.
The autonomic nervous system only affects cardiac muscle.
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Which type of nerve fibers in the autonomic system are unmyelinated?
Which type of nerve fibers in the autonomic system are unmyelinated?
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The components of the parasympathetic nervous system are activated simultaneously.
The components of the parasympathetic nervous system are activated simultaneously.
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What is the primary function of the integrative nervous system?
What is the primary function of the integrative nervous system?
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What are the two plexuses of the enteric nervous system called?
What are the two plexuses of the enteric nervous system called?
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Reflex arcs only involve voluntary actions.
Reflex arcs only involve voluntary actions.
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The efferent autonomic nerves arise in the spinal cord from the __________ horn cell.
The efferent autonomic nerves arise in the spinal cord from the __________ horn cell.
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Match the components of the autonomic nervous system with their characteristics:
Match the components of the autonomic nervous system with their characteristics:
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What are the five components of a reflex arc?
What are the five components of a reflex arc?
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Which of the following statements about autonomic nerves is correct?
Which of the following statements about autonomic nerves is correct?
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Efferent somatic fibers go directly to _____ muscles.
Efferent somatic fibers go directly to _____ muscles.
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The sympathetic nervous system is activated in harmony with its various components.
The sympathetic nervous system is activated in harmony with its various components.
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Match the following components to their functions:
Match the following components to their functions:
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Which statement best describes the difference between somatic and autonomic reflex arcs?
Which statement best describes the difference between somatic and autonomic reflex arcs?
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How are the three systems of the autonomic nervous system interconnected?
How are the three systems of the autonomic nervous system interconnected?
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Preganglionic fibers in the autonomic system are __________ myelinated.
Preganglionic fibers in the autonomic system are __________ myelinated.
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Efferent autonomic nerves supply only the heart.
Efferent autonomic nerves supply only the heart.
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Where do afferent somatic nerves relay in the spinal cord?
Where do afferent somatic nerves relay in the spinal cord?
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Nerve fibers in the somatic system are _____ conducting, thick, and myelinated.
Nerve fibers in the somatic system are _____ conducting, thick, and myelinated.
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Academic Year: 2024-2025
- Year: 1
- Semester: 1
- Module: Human Body Function (HBF) 102
Lecture Objectives
- List the controlling systems of the human body
- Demonstrate the components of the nervous system
- Explain the importance of the autonomic nervous system
- Compare somatic and autonomic reflex arcs
- Distinguish the general divisions of the autonomic nervous system
Control of Our Body: Endocrine Glands
- Pituitary gland
- Thyroid gland
- Pancreas
- Kidney
- Ovaries (female)
- Testes (male)
- Hypothalamus
- Pineal gland
- Parathyroid glands (behind thyroid)
- Thymus gland
- Stomach
- Adrenal glands
- Adipose tissue
- Small intestine
Control of Our Body: Nervous System
- Brain
- Spinal cord
- Nerves
Components of the Nervous System
- Central nervous system (CNS)
- Peripheral nerves
Nervous System: Divisions
- Central Nervous System
- Brain
- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum
- Brain stem
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla
- Spinal cord
- Brain
- Peripheral Nervous System
- Cranial nerves
- Spinal nerves
- Autonomic Nervous System
- Heart muscle
- Smooth muscle
- Glands
- Somatic Nervous System
- Voluntary skeletal muscles
- Parasympathetic Division
- "Rest and digest"
- Sympathetic Division
- "Active and alert"
Peripheral Nervous System Classification
- Central nervous system (CNS)
- Brain
- Spinal cord
- Peripheral nervous system
- Peripheral nerve
- Aferrent (sensory)
- Efferent (motor)
- Autonomic (involuntary)
- Parasympathetic
- Sympathetic
- Adrenal Medulla
- Somatic (voluntary)
- Autonomic (involuntary)
The Reflex Arc
- The basic functional unit of the nervous system
- The pathway for reflex action.
Reflex Arc: Components
- Receptor
- Afferent nerve
- Center
- Efferent nerve
- Effector organ
Differences Between Somatic and Autonomic Reflex Arcs
- Afferent somatic nerves relay in the dorsal or ventral horns of the spinal cord. Afferent autonomic nerves relay at lateral horn cells.
- Efferent somatic nerves arise from the ventral horn cells of the spinal cord, while efferent autonomic nerves arise from the lateral horn cells.
- Efferent somatic fibers go directly to skeletal muscles, while efferent autonomic fibers relay in autonomic ganglia before supplying the effector organ.
- Efferent somatic nerves supply skeletal muscles only. Efferent autonomic nerves supply various tissues (heart, smooth muscles, glands, adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract).
- Somatic nerve impulse is excitatory only, autonomic impulse is excitatory or inhibitory.
- Nerve fibers in the somatic system are fast-conducting, thick (9-13 µm), and myelinated. Nerve fibers in the autonomic system are slow-conducting, lightly myelinated or unmyelinated, and thin (about 1 µm).
The Integrative Nervous System
- Concerned with sophisticated brain functions
- Includes memory, thinking, learning, language, speech, emotions, and general behavior
Autonomic Nervous System Importance
- Responsible for involuntary vital functions
- E.g., cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems
- Dysfunction of the ANS can cause diseases and death
- Many medicines affect the ANS to treat diseases
Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
- Sympathetic
- System is activated all at once.
- Parasympathetic
- System is not activated all at once and generally does the opposite of sympathetic functions.
- Enteric
- Localized to the alimentary tract
- Two plexuses (submucosal and myenteric)
Summary of Human Nervous System and Body Control
- The human body is controlled by the endocrine and nervous systems interconnected for integrated functions.
- The nervous system includes the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (cranial and spinal nerves).
- The nervous system is divided into somatic (voluntary) and autonomic (involuntary) systems.
- The autonomic system is further divided into sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential components and controlling systems of the human body, focusing on the nervous and endocrine systems. It will test your understanding of the various glands and the structure of the nervous system. Prepare to explore the integral roles these systems play in maintaining homeostasis.
