Human Body Fluid Composition Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the approximate volume of transcellular fluid in the body?

1 to 2 liters (correct)

10 liters

5 liters

20 liters

In an average 70-kg adult man, what percentage of body weight is comprised of total body water?

80%

60% (correct)

50%

70%

What is the primary characteristic of intracellular fluid?

It is highly variable between different cells.

It makes up 80% of total body water.

It contains more extracellular constituents than intracellular ones.

It contains the same mixture of constituents across different cells. (correct)

Which of the following fluids is included in the transcellular fluid compartment?

Cerebrospinal fluid Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the percentage of body weight that is fluid as a person ages?

It decreases gradually. Signup and view all the answers

Which fluid compartment collectively includes all fluids outside the cells?

Extracellular fluid compartment Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the total body fluid is stored as intracellular fluid?

40% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT influence body fluid composition?

Level of physical activity Signup and view all the answers

Which ion has the highest concentration in intracellular fluid?

K+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration of Na+ in plasma?

142 mOsm/L H2O Signup and view all the answers

Which substance shows no significant presence in intracellular fluid?

Ca2+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration of Cl− in interstitial fluid?

108 mOsm/L H2O Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following has the lowest concentration in plasma?

SO4− Signup and view all the answers

What is the combined concentration of HCO3− in extracellular fluids?

34.3 mOsm/L H2O Signup and view all the answers

How does the concentration of phosphocreatine compare between extracellular and intracellular fluids?

Higher in intracellular fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ions is most abundant in both plasma and interstitial fluid?

Na+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference in ion concentration between plasma and interstitial fluid?

Higher concentration of cations in plasma Signup and view all the answers

Why do plasma proteins hold extra amounts of cations in the plasma?

They have a net negative charge. Signup and view all the answers

How does the concentration of negatively charged ions compare between plasma and interstitial fluid?

Lower in plasma due to protein repulsion Signup and view all the answers

What method is used to measure the volume of a fluid compartment in the body?

Indicator-dilution principle Signup and view all the answers

What principle does the indicator-dilution method rely on?

Conservation of mass Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of the Donnan effect regarding ion distribution?

Slightly greater concentration of cations in plasma Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the concentrations of proteins in interstitial fluid compared to plasma?

Only small amounts of proteins leak into interstitial spaces. Signup and view all the answers

What impact does the permeability of capillaries have on protein distribution?

It restricts proteins from entering interstitial fluid. Signup and view all the answers

What is required to calculate the volume of extracellular fluid?

Total amount of substance injected and concentration of fluid after dispersion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances can be used to estimate the volume of extracellular fluid?

Inulin Signup and view all the answers

Why might radioactive sodium not be the best substance for measuring extracellular fluid volume?

It diffuses into cells in small amounts. Signup and view all the answers

If 1 ml of a solution containing 10 mg/ml is injected and the final concentration is 0.01 mg/ml, what is the calculated volume of the chamber?

1000 ml Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the calculation of intracellular volume?

It cannot be measured directly. Signup and view all the answers

How quickly do substances typically disperse through the extracellular fluid after injection?

Within 30 to 60 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'sodium space'?

An estimated volume of extracellular fluid when using radioactive sodium. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances does NOT disperse well in the extracellular fluid?

Sodium ion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism through which the composition of extracellular fluid is regulated?

Kidneys Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances has the highest concentration in the extracellular fluid based on the provided data?

Adenosine triphosphate Signup and view all the answers

Which ion is present in large amounts in extracellular fluid?

Sodium Signup and view all the answers

What is the corrected osmolarity of the extracellular fluid as per the data provided?

282.0 mOsm/L Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the cell membrane concerning electrolyte permeability?

Not permeable to most electrolytes Signup and view all the answers

Which substance has the lowest concentration within the extracellular fluid based on the data provided?

Creatine Signup and view all the answers

What is the total osmotic pressure at 37°C in mm Hg according to the provided data?

5441 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

Which electrolyte is present in only small quantities in the intracellular fluid?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum urine volume that can be produced by a person who is well-hydrated?

20 L/day Signup and view all the answers

How does aging typically affect body composition regarding water percentage?

Increases the percentage of body fat Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical range of sodium intake in different individuals?

20 mEq/day to 500 mEq/day Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main compartments in which total body fluid is distributed?

Intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid Signup and view all the answers

How does the percentage of total body water differ between adult men and women?

Adult men average about 60% of body weight; women average 50% Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of body fluid regulation is primarily managed by the kidneys?

Excretion rate of water and electrolytes Signup and view all the answers

In premature and newborn babies, what percentage range of body weight is typically made up of total body water?

70% to 75% Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the average body weight trends observed over the past 30 years?

Body weight has increased rapidly in many countries Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Regulation of Body Fluid Compartments

Body fluid volume and composition are crucial for homeostasis
Fluid intake and output must be balanced for steady-state conditions
Water intake comes from liquids and food, plus oxidation of carbohydrates
Variables affecting water intake include climate, habits, and physical activity
Insensible water loss occurs through the skin and respiratory tract, averaging 700 mL/day
Skin water loss independent of sweating, 300-400 mL/day
Respiratory tract water loss occurs due to air becoming saturated with moisture, 300-400 mL/day
Insensible water loss rises significantly with burns due to loss of skin's protective layer
Sweat loss varies greatly with activity and environment
Water loss in feces is typically 100 mL/day but can increase significantly in diarrhea
Kidneys excrete the remaining water as urine, controlled by multiple mechanisms

Body Fluid Compartments

Total body fluid is chiefly divided into extracellular and intracellular fluid.
Extracellular fluid is composed of interstitial fluid (11 L) and plasma (3 L).
Transcellular fluid includes fluids in synovial, peritoneal, pericardial, and intraocular spaces; about 1-2 liters.
Extracellular fluid has approximately the same composition as interstitial fluid, excluding proteins, which are more concentrated in plasma.
Intracellular fluid (28 L or 40% of body weight) has similar composition in different cells
Blood volume comprises both intracellular and extracellular fluid (plasma)
Average blood volume for adults is 5 liters (about 7% of body weight)
Hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cell volume to total blood volume (typically 40% in men, 36% in women and can change in disease states)

Intracellular and Extracellular Fluids

Blood volume is vital for cardiovascular regulation
Intracellular fluid constitutes about 40% of body weight
Extracellular fluid totals approximately20% of body weight
Interstitial fluid makes up most of the extracellular fluid (about 75%)
Plasma constitutes almost one-fourth of the extracellular fluid

Measurement of Body Fluid Volumes

Indicator dilution principle is used to measure fluid compartment volumes
Radioactive water (tritium or deuterium) or antipyrine are often used to trace total body water

Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia

Hyponatremia occurs when plasma sodium concentration falls below normal (typically 142 mEq/L), usually due to excess water intake or sodium loss)
Severe hyponatremia can cause brain cell edema, leading to neurological symptoms, seizures, and even death.
Hypernatremia involves elevated plasma sodium concentration (typically above 158-160 mEq/L) often caused by water loss or excessive sodium intake (as with dehydration or kidney dysfunction)
Hypernatremia can lead to cellular shrinkage, particularly in brain cells, resulting in symptoms similar to hyponatremia but with opposite effects.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the composition and distribution of body fluids in the human body. This quiz covers various fluid compartments, their characteristics, and the factors affecting body fluid composition. Dive deep into topics like intracellular and extracellular fluids and their respective concentrations.