Human Blood Physiology Quiz

The shortage of adequate and consistent materials for learning, particularly in medical laboratory technology courses in Ethiopia.

The lack of uniform course content across different institutions, resulting in inconsistent learning experiences for students.

The goal of the lecture notes is to address the existing problems of insufficient resources and inconsistent learning materials.

These lecture notes are designed to be used by medical laboratory technologists during their training and while they are working in a lab environment.

The lecture notes consist of 22 individual chapters, each focusing on a specific topic.

Each chapter starts with a list of specific learning objectives to guide students through the topic.

Each chapter includes a background section that provides context and introductory information about the topic.

At the end of each chapter, questions are provided for students to assess their comprehension of the material.

The liquid component of blood, primarily composed of water and solutes, including proteins, waste products, nutrients, and electrolytes.

The main components of blood, excluding plasma, encompassing red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Red blood cells, responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body.

A protein found in red blood cells that binds to oxygen, enabling its transport throughout the body.

White blood cells, responsible for defending the body against infections and foreign invaders.

Small, cell-like fragments involved in blood clotting.

The process of blood cell formation, primarily occurring in the bone marrow.

A measure of the alkalinity or acidity of a solution. In human blood, it is slightly alkaline, typically around 7.4.

The primary site of blood cell production in adults. It's located in the central skeleton, like the sternum and ribs.

The process of blood cell production shifting from the yolk sac, liver, and spleen to the bone marrow.

The fine network of connective tissue that supports the bone marrow cells.

Special proteins that stimulate the growth and differentiation of specific blood cell types.

A hormone produced mainly by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells.

A hormone that stimulates the production of platelets, which are essential for blood clotting.

Small proteins produced by various cells that regulate the production of different blood cell types.

A type of white blood cell characterized by its bilobed nucleus and orange-pink granules in the cytoplasm.

A type of white blood cell with a distinctive S-shaped nucleus and dark blue-purple granules in the cytoplasm.

The earliest recognizable stage in the monocyte lineage, capable of further division.

A type of white blood cell with a large, kidney-shaped nucleus and fine granules in the cytoplasm.

The largest type of white blood cell, responsible for phagocytosis and immune response.

A precursor to mature monocyte cells, potentially differentiating from myeloblasts.

Abnormal granules found in the cytoplasm of some leukemic cells, often associated with acute myeloid leukemia.

A thin, evenly spread layer of blood on a microscope slide used for examining individual blood cells.

This technique involves spreading a small drop of blood over the slide, producing a thin, even layer for microscopic viewing.

A good blood film should have a smooth, even spread, clear edges, and no air bubbles. It should also contain a gradual transition from thick to thin.

Changes in cell morphology may occur. Red blood cells can shrink or become crenated, while white blood cells may lose their characteristic features.

A staining method used to enhance the visibility of different blood cell components for microscopic examination.

The principle of staining relies on the attraction of acidic and basic dyes to oppositely charged cellular components. Acidic dyes stain basic components, while basic dyes stain acidic components.

A technique used to examine blood parasites like malaria, where a thicker layer of blood is stained to increase the chances of detecting parasites.

These stains, such as Giemsa and Wright, combine multiple dyes to achieve a comprehensive staining of blood cells for detailed microscopic analysis.

Round, biconcave cells that lack nuclei. They appear pink with a central pale area when stained with Romanowsky stain. These cells transport oxygen throughout the body.

The nucleus of white blood cells is stained blue to purple by Romanowsky stain. This staining allows for the identification of the different types of white blood cells based on their nuclear shape and characteristics.

These granules, found in neutrophils, appear tan when stained with Romanowsky stain. These granules contain enzymes that help combat infections.

These granules, found in eosinophils, appear bright red-orange after Romanowsky staining. They play a role in fighting parasites and allergic reactions.

Appear dark blue after Romanowsky staining. These granules, found in basophils, contain histamine and heparin, which are involved in inflammation and allergic responses.

Small, violet-stained granules found in blood smears. They are essential for blood clotting, forming a plug at the site of injury to stop bleeding.