Human Blood Functions and Components Quiz

<p>Blood clotting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red Bone Marrow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dissolved salts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It becomes darker red and is referred to as deoxyhemoglobin. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron deficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>23-24% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low blood oxygen levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>95-100% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen saturation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood loss anemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AB (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type A (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>D (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>85% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agglutination and hemolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemoglobin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hematopoiesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Up to 120 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver and spleen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leukocytes and platelets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>45% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To bind to oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To stimulate stem cell division and differentiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7-8 micrometers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver and spleen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxyhemoglobin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To bind to oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutrophil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eosinophils are the least common type of leukocyte. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To break down bacterial cell walls. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basophil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural killer cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are only produced by B cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eosinophil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drug toxicity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B cells mature in the bone marrow, and T cells mature in the thymus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing generalized, nonspecific immunity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eosinophil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Release of histamines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutrophil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymphocyte (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Histamines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viral or fungal infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of platelets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contain valves to prevent backflow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can differentiate into B or T cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymph nodes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased platelet count (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They engulf and destroy foreign pathogens and cellular debris (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thinner walls (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic illness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels and are responsible for nutrient and waste exchange (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transporting deoxygenated blood to the lungs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have thicker walls than capillaries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrophages differentiate from monocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transporting oxygenated blood to the body's tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leukocyte production is regulated by hormones called CSFs and interleukins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are primarily responsible for vasoconstriction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To regulate blood flow through vasoconstriction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capillary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for the exchange of water and small molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fenestrated capillary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasoconstriction and vasodilation in arterioles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The elastic recoil of artery walls (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above are present in arterioles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To decrease blood flow to a specific area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fenestrated capillary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a thinner tunica media than elastic arteries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To exchange substances between blood and tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are less important in regulating blood pressure than arterioles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides structural support and anchors the vessel to surrounding tissues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To speed the return of blood to the heart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Veins serve as capacitance vessels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>21% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the brainstem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Venous reserve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They allow for the passage of large molecules and cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They regulate blood flow from metarterioles to capillary beds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct blood flow into the venous circulation via a thoroughfare channel. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It serves as a connection between arterioles and capillary beds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of valves within the veins. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Edema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Edema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their low blood pressure and high capacitance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing a pathway for red blood cells to exit the bloodstream. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may arise from various causes, including hypertension. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are able to transport the largest molecules and even cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Precapillary sphincters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormonal changes associated with pregnancy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>O- (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensitization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Destroy fetal Rh+ erythrocytes that may cross the placental barrier (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The introduction of RhoGAM (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent immune reactions to foreign antigens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AB+ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a separate system from the ABO blood group and individuals can be either Rh+ or Rh- regardless of their ABO blood type. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The recipient's blood may start to agglutinate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mother's Rh antibodies can cross the placenta and destroy the fetus's red blood cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leukocytes are less numerous than erythrocytes and have a shorter lifespan. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythrocytes primarily circulate in the bloodstream, while leukocytes can leave the bloodstream to perform their functions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are involved in the transport of oxygen to the tissues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There may not be time to cross-match blood types in a life-threatening emergency. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To repair damaged blood vessels and provide growth factors for healing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having a child with Rh+ blood. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The donor's blood might contain antibodies that could cause a reaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Damage to the endothelial lining and exposure of blood to collagenous fibers beneath (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large arteries and veins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tunica media (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide additional flexibility to the vessel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the thickest tunic in both arteries and veins. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They prevent backflow of blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases blood flow by narrowing the lumen of the vessel. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smooth muscle fibers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arteries have a thicker tunica media than veins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the tunica media of larger arteries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide nourishment to the cells of the vessel walls. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The vasa vasorum is located closer to the lumen of arteries, making it more difficult for nutrients to reach the outer layers of the artery wall. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It binds the endothelium to the connective tissue. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To control the flow of blood through the vessel. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arteries appear wavy due to the partial constriction of smooth muscle in the tunica media. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both arteries and veins have three tunics, but the thickness of each tunic can vary depending on the size of the vessel. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A fluid connective tissue that circulates throughout the body, carrying cells in a liquid matrix called plasma.

Stem cells located in the bone marrow that produce blood cells including RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.

Red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen and some carbon dioxide in the blood.

White blood cells that defend the body against harmful microorganisms and diseases.

Cell fragments in the blood that are critical for blood clotting to prevent excessive bleeding.

The liquid extracellular matrix of blood, which suspends formed elements and transports nutrients, salts, and wastes.

The process of blood cell formation, occurring mainly in the red bone marrow after birth.

Mainly to deliver oxygen and nutrients, remove wastes, and provide defense and regulation within the body.

Blood cell production occurring outside the bone marrow, especially in liver and spleen.

Most blood cells survive only a few hours to weeks; memory cells can last years.

A test measuring the percentage of red blood cells in blood.

The thin layer of white blood cells and platelets in a hematocrit tube.

The liquid component of blood, about 92% water with dissolved substances.

The unique shape of red blood cells that increases surface area for gas exchange.

A protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen and transports it through the bloodstream.

Red blood cells live up to 120 days before being removed by macrophages.

Cells that are part of the immune system, defending the body against infections.

Cell fragments involved in blood clotting.

Chemical stimuli that prompt hemopoietic stem cells to divide and differentiate.

Formed when hemoglobin binds with oxygen in the lungs.

Hemoglobin bound to oxygen, appears bright red.

Hemoglobin that binds with carbon dioxide.

Percentage of hemoglobin sites occupied by oxygen.

Device used to measure blood oxygen saturation.

Low blood oxygen saturation levels.

General term for low oxygen levels in tissue.

Measure of oxygen concentration in arterial blood.

Condition characterized by insufficient red blood cells or hemoglobin.

Anemia caused by the loss of blood due to various factors.

Anemia due to faulty or decreased red blood cell production.

Blood type with A antigens, has anti-B antibodies.

Blood type with B antigens, has anti-A antibodies.

Blood type with both A and B antigens, no anti-A or B antibodies.

Blood type with neither A nor B antigens, has anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

A type of white blood cell involved in immune responses and can be B or T cells.

A blood group determined by the presence or absence of the Rh antigen.

Elevated levels indicate viral infections or certain cancers.

The process where Rh− individuals produce antibodies after exposure to Rh+ blood.

A condition in which Rh antibodies from the mother destroy fetal red blood cells.

Reduced levels typically indicate prolonged illness or suppression of the immune system.

A type of white blood cell that becomes macrophages and helps in phagocytosis.

A medication that prevents Rh antibody formation in Rh− mothers after exposure to Rh+ cells.

Monocytes that have left circulation to consume debris and pathogens.

An individual with type O− blood that can donate to any blood type.

Most white blood cells live for hours to days.

A person with type AB+ blood who can receive any blood type.

Specific regions in lymphatic tissue where lymphocytes mature.

Surface proteins on red blood cells that determine blood type.

Large cells in the bone marrow that fragment to form platelets.

An immune response that occurs when mismatched blood is transfused.

Leukocytes leave the bloodstream to perform their immune functions in tissues.

The process of stopping blood flow following vessel damage.

A type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests pathogens.

Condition of having too many platelets, risking blood clots.

Platelets help in blood clotting and tissue repair after injury.

Condition of having insufficient platelets, leading to excessive bleeding.

Antibodies produced by Rh− individuals after exposure to Rh+ blood.

Small arteries that branch into capillaries for nutrient exchange.

Pathway that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body.

Pathway that carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs for gas exchange.

A sudden and severe loss of blood that requires emergency action.

The liquid portion of blood that transports cells and nutrients.

Veins have thinner walls and larger lumens compared to arteries, allowing lower pressure blood flow.

Veins that are highly distensible and can hold large volumes of blood.

Constriction of the veins to increase blood pressure and speed up return to the heart.

Leukocytes with visible granules in their cytoplasm, including neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.

The process of redirecting blood flow to different body parts as needed.

The most common leukocytes, making up 50-70% of the total count; they rapidly respond to infections.

Leukocytes that account for 2-4% of leukocytes, effective in fighting allergies and parasitic worms.

The volume of blood stored in venous networks, available for rapid distribution.

The least common leukocytes, less than 1% of total count, involved in inflammation and allergic reactions.

Part of the medulla oblongata that regulates blood vessel constriction and dilation.

Leukocytes with smaller, less visible granules; includes lymphocytes and monocytes.

Lymphocytes that recognize and destroy abnormal cells, providing nonspecific immunity.

Lymphocytes that produce antibodies to fight specific pathogens; involved in humoral immunity.

Lymphocytes responsible for cellular immunity by attacking infected or cancerous cells directly.

Long-lived B and T cells that provide rapid responses upon re-exposure to a pathogen.

The process by which cells engulf and digest pathogens or debris.

A formed structure when antibodies bind to specific foreign components, aiding in their destruction.

Chemical substances released by basophils that promote inflammation.

The least common type of capillary with large openings for molecule passage.

Allow slow blood flow for nutrient and gas exchange.

Found in the liver, spleen, and endocrine glands.

Vessel with characteristics of arterioles and capillaries, supplying capillary beds.

Regulate blood flow into capillaries from metarterioles.

Blood flow bypassing capillaries, moving directly into venous circulation.

Small vein that collects blood from capillary beds.

Thin, with endothelium and few muscle cells.

Process of white blood cells exiting the bloodstream into tissues.

Conduct blood toward the heart; low-pressure vessels with valves.

Enlarged veins caused by valve defects allowing blood pooling.

Swelling due to excess fluid in interstitial spaces.

Includes hypertension, heart failure, and protein deficiency.

Veins can hold 64% of blood volume, adapting to low pressure.

Patients have a greater risk of clot formation in varicose veins.

The outermost layer of blood vessel walls that provides structural support.

A type of artery with thick walls and abundant elastic fibers that conduct blood away from the heart.

Arteries with thick tunica media and less elastic fibers, allowing for vasoconstriction.

Microscopic blood vessels where gas and nutrient exchange occurs with tissues.

The degree of constriction of blood vessels caused by smooth muscle contraction.

The ability of arteries to return to shape after stretching, aiding in blood circulation.

Capillaries with pores that allow passage of larger molecules, found in specific organs.

The most common type of capillary with tight junctions, found in most tissues.

The innermost layer of blood vessels, composed of endothelial cells.

The middle layer of blood vessel walls, containing smooth muscle and elastic fibers.

The widening of blood vessels, decreasing blood pressure.

The difference in pressure that drives blood flow through the circulatory system.

Small blood vessels that supply nutrients to the walls of larger arteries and veins.

Minute nerves in blood vessel walls that control smooth muscle contraction and dilation.

Three distinct tissue layers of arteries and veins: tunica intima, media, and externa.

Specialized simple squamous epithelium lining the tunica intima throughout the vascular system.

A layer that binds the endothelium to connective tissue, providing strength and flexibility.

Layer of elastic fibers in larger arteries at the boundary with the tunica media.

Structures formed by the endothelium that prevent backflow of blood in veins.

Layer of elastic fibers separating the tunica media from the tunica externa in larger arteries.

Strong fibers in the blood vessel wall providing structural support.

Muscle type in the tunica media controlling vessel diameter through contraction and relaxation.