Human Blood Components Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are erythrocytes commonly known as?

  • Red blood cells (correct)
  • Platelets
  • White blood cells
  • Plasma

What do leukocytes refer to in the human body?

  • White blood cells (correct)
  • Plasma proteins
  • Blood platelets
  • Red blood cells

Which component of blood is primarily responsible for clotting?

  • Plasma
  • Platelets (correct)
  • Leukocytes
  • Erythrocytes

Approximately how much blood does an adult human body contain?

<p>1 gallon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long do mature red blood cells live in the bloodstream?

<p>120 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lifespan of mature red blood cells in the bloodstream?

<p>120 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main iron-containing pigment found in red blood cells?

<p>Hemoglobin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What age group do phlebotomists typically collect blood from in the neonatology department?

<p>Hours to a few days old (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of patients do phlebotomists typically work with in the neonatology department?

<p>Hours to a few days old (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe white blood cells?

<p>Leukocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which department should a primary consultant on the timing for collecting blood for a diagnostic test be from?

<p>Clinical hematology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what part of the body do blood cells begin their formation?

<p>Bone marrow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of flowcharts in quality improvement methodologies?

<p>Breaking out components into a diagram to understand a process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does quality improvement for specimen collection NOT frequently involve?

<p>Frequency of hematomas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Pareto charts in quality improvement methodologies?

<p>Making bar charts that show frequency of problems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person with low hemoglobin or a decreased number of red blood cells is described as:

<p>Anemic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of blood that remain after it clots called?

<p>Plasma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of determining if a person will reject a blood transfusion?

<p>Type and cross-match (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the total blood volume do the formed elements of the blood make up?

<p>45% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which device is essential for separating serum from whole blood quickly?

<p>Centrifuge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the supine position in a medical context?

<p>Lying face-up on their back (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical blood pH range considered normal?

<p>7.35 to 7.45 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anticoagulant is commonly used during blood donations?

<p>Sodium citrate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of wearing clean gloves during a venipuncture?

<p>It is a reassuring, safety-conscious gesture for both the patient and the worker (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tube is required for measuring blood copper levels?

<p>Royal blue-topped tube (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to avoid micro-clotting in a blood collection tube?

<p>Gently invert the tube a minimum of 8 times (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred alternative site for venipuncture if arm veins cannot be used?

<p>Anterior surface of the hand or wrist (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most reliable labeling method to avoid transcription errors?

<p>Computerized labels using bar codes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assay does not require a chilled specimen?

<p>Blood gasses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of interstitial fluid?

<p>Tissue fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is commonly treated with therapeutic phlebotomy?

<p>Polycythemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which patients are fragile veins most commonly found?

<p>Geriatric patients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with the first drop of blood after a finger stick?

<p>Wipe it off (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'occluded' refer to when discussing veins?

<p>Obstructed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Skin puncture blood is primarily derived from which source?

<p>Blood from capillaries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is the last step in any phlebotomy procedure?

<p>Checking if bleeding has stopped (A), Thanking the patient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long should alcohol be allowed to dry before performing venipuncture?

<p>30-60 seconds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended angle for spreading a blood smear?

<p>45 degrees (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which test are skin puncture samples typically not used?

<p>Blood gasses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective method for decontaminating visibly dirty hands after blood collection?

<p>Washing with soap and water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should blood be collected to accurately determine medication levels?

<p>Just prior to the next dose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does glycolytic action refer to?

<p>Breakdown of glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a use for bar codes in phlebotomy applications?

<p>Patient arm preference (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which tube is lithium heparin typically found?

<p>Royal blue-topped tube (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred anticoagulant for STAT whole blood collections in clinical chemistry?

<p>Heparin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the collection of alkaline phosphatase?

<p>It should NEVER be collected in a gray-topped tube (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Skin puncture techniques are most suitable when:

<p>Small amounts of blood are required, such as in neonates. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

One of the key functions of blood is to transport:

<p>Waste products. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Therapeutic phlebotomy is primarily used to treat:

<p>Conditions that lead to an excess of red blood cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'occluded' when referring to veins indicates that they are:

<p>Blocked or obstructed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which finger typically has a detectable pulse?

<p>Middle finger. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The final step in any phlebotomy procedure, including skin puncture, is to:

<p>Ensure the bleeding has stopped and thank the patient. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What commonly causes blood pooling in veins?

<p>Applying a tourniquet. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a phlebotomist's hands are visibly dirty, the most effective method of cleaning them is:

<p>Washing with soap and water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best angle for inserting the needle into the skin during venipuncture?

<p>60-75 degrees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the phlebotomist do after the needle is inserted and blood begins to flow?

<p>Adjust the hub of the needle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'butterfly' refer to in venipuncture terminology?

<p>Winged infusion set (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which direction should the bevel be oriented when inserting the needle?

<p>Bevel side up (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the antecubital area located?

<p>Slightly below the elbow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for practicing hand-hygiene techniques?

<p>Reduces the number of outbreaks of infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should microbiological culture specimens be transported to the lab quickly?

<p>To improve the likelihood of detecting pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quality control records do NOT include which of the following?

<p>Expiration dates and stability information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Toxicology Test for Cannabinoids

A laboratory test used to detect the presence of cannabis (marijuana) compounds in biological samples.

Thrombocytes

Platelets, a type of blood cell that is crucial for blood clotting.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells, responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body.

Leukocytes

White blood cells, part of the body's immune system.

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Blood Volume in the Body

The approximate amount of blood in an average human body is around five liters.

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Erythrocytes are?

Red blood cells

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Leukocytes are?

White blood cells

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Approximate blood volume?

About 1 gallon

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Mature red blood cell lifespan?

120 days

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Iron-containing pigment in red blood cells?

Hemoglobin

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What are blood clots and liquid portion called?

When blood is removed from the body, it separates into solid components (clots) and a liquid portion called plasma.

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What is a centrifuge used for?

A centrifuge is a tool that spins samples at high speeds, separating components by density. In blood processing, it helps separate serum from blood cells.

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What is the supine position?

The supine position is lying on your back with your face upwards.

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What is 'RFID'?

RFID stands for Radio-Frequency Identification. It's a technology using silicon chips and wireless receivers to identify and track items.

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What is the normal blood pH range?

The normal blood pH range is between 7.35 and 7.45, which is slightly alkaline.

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Clinical Hematology

The branch of medicine that studies the blood, blood-forming organs, and their diseases.

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Bone Marrow

The soft tissue inside bones responsible for producing blood cells.

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Flowcharts in Quality Improvement

A visual representation of steps in a process, showing how each action contributes to the final outcome.

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Quality Improvement for Specimen Collection

Focuses on improving the accuracy and safety of collecting samples for diagnostic testing.

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Pareto Chart

A bar chart that shows the frequency of problems, sorted from most frequent to least frequent.

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Anemic

Having a low hemoglobin or a decreased number of red blood cells, leading to oxygen deficiency.

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Type and Cross-match

A test performed before blood transfusions to check for compatibility between donor and recipient blood.

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Formed Elements of Blood

The solid components of blood including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

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Purple Top Tube Inversions

To prevent blood clotting in a purple-topped tube, gently invert it at least 8 times.

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Gloves for Venipuncture

Wearing clean gloves during venipuncture is a safety measure that reassures both the patient and the healthcare professional.

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Specimen Transportation

Biohazard carts are used to safely transport blood samples within a healthcare facility.

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Blood Copper Measurement

Blood copper levels are measured using a royal blue-topped blood collection tube.

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Bar Code Labels for Blood

Bar codes are preferred for labeling blood samples because they minimize errors during data entry.

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Skin Puncture Technique

A blood collection method used when small amounts of blood are needed, often for neonates or anemic patients.

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Blood Function

One of the primary roles of blood is to transport electrolytes throughout the body.

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Therapeutic Phlebotomy

A medical procedure used to treat high red blood cell count by removing excess blood.

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Occluded Vein

A vein that is blocked or obstructed, preventing blood flow.

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Pulse in a Finger

The middle finger is the only finger with a palpable pulse.

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Last Step in Phlebotomy

Ensuring the patient is safe, bleeding has stopped, and thanking them for their cooperation.

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Tourniquet's Role

A tourniquet is used to temporarily restrict blood flow, causing pooling of blood in veins.

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Hand Decontamination

Visible dirt on a phlebotomist's hands requires washing with soap and water.

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Chilled Specimen Assays

Blood tests that require the sample to be kept cold during collection and transport to maintain accuracy.

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Interstitial Fluid

The fluid that surrounds cells in tissues, providing nutrients and removing waste products.

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Fragile Veins

Veins that are susceptible to damage due to factors like age, lack of exercise, or obesity.

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First Drop of Blood After Finger Stick

The first drop of blood after a finger prick is typically wiped away as it may contain tissue fluid, potentially affecting test results.

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Skin Puncture Blood Composition

Blood obtained from a skin puncture is primarily from capillaries, but also includes some blood from arterioles and venules.

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Blood Smear Angle

The optimal angle for spreading a blood smear with two slides is 30 degrees.

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Skin Puncture Samples Uses

Skin punctures are commonly used for tests requiring small blood volumes, like glucose monitoring and hematology tests.

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Skin Puncture Cut Direction

The cut during a skin puncture should be parallel to the fingerprint lines to minimize pain and risk of bleeding.

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Blood Function: Electrolytes

One of the important functions of blood is to transport electrolytes, which are minerals that carry an electrical charge, to the body's tissues.

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Blood Pooling During Venipuncture

Blood gathers in the veins below the tourniquet, making the veins easier to locate and access.

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Glycolytic Action

The process of breaking down glucose (sugar) into smaller units that the body can use for energy.

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Lithium Heparin Tube

A blood collection tube with a royal blue-topped cap containing lithium heparin, an anticoagulant that prevents blood clotting.

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Heparin for STAT Blood

Heparin is the preferred anticoagulant for urgent (STAT) whole blood collections in clinical chemistry because it maintains blood integrity for immediate analysis.

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Needle Gauge 23

This needle gauge has the smallest diameter among common needle gauges used for venipuncture.

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BD Unopette

A specialized intravenous device used to collect blood from challenging veins, like those in patients with fragile veins.

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Best angle for needle insertion

During venipuncture, the needle should be inserted at a 15-30 degree angle to the skin, ensuring proper blood flow and minimizing discomfort.

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Action after blood flow

After inserting the needle and obtaining blood flow, the phlebotomist adjusts the hub of the needle to secure it in place, preventing accidental dislodging.

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Butterfly's function

The term 'butterfly' refers to a winged infusion set, a commonly used device in venipuncture with a needle attached to two wings for ease of handling.

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Needle bevel direction

During venipuncture, the needle should be inserted with the bevel side facing upwards, allowing the blood to flow smoothly into the collection tube.

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Antecubital area

The antecubital area is the inner part of the elbow, near the crease, a common site for venipuncture due to the presence of accessible veins.

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Importance of hand hygiene

Hand hygiene is essential in venipuncture to reduce the risk of infections by minimizing the transfer of pathogens from the phlebotomist to the patient.

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Urgent transport of specimens

Blood and urine specimens for microbiological cultures should be transported to the lab promptly to maintain the viability of pathogens and ensure accurate test results.

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Blood clotting time

A normal blood specimen takes over 2 hours to fully clot, allowing time for proper processing and analysis of blood components.

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