Human Blood Components Quiz

False (B)

They help with immune function as they include antibodies.

<p>platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythrocytes = Carry oxygen Leukocytes = Fight infection Thrombocytes = Blood clotting Stem cells = Produce blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Albumin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heme groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-poiesis = Formation -globin = Protein -lytic = Destruction -gen = Substance that produces</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-emia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eat; swallow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Break down food for absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teeth grind and chew food to facilitate swallowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lips = Hold food inside the mouth Tongue = Moves food and aids in speech Tonsils = Filters against microorganisms Cheeks = Forms walls of the oral cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Submandibular (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To begin the digestion of proteins and prepare food for further digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Produces bile (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fundus = Upper part of the stomach Body = Main central region Antrum = Lower part that narrows before the pyloric sphincter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.5 L (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin A and iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inside</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastr/o = Stomach Intestin/o = Intestine Gingiv/o = Gums Gloss/o = Tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digests food directly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lips</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jejunum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store and prepare wastes for excretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ileum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cecum = First region of the large intestine Rectum = Final section before the anus Ascending colon = Region that travels upward from the cecum Sigmoid colon = S-shaped section leading to the rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To generate electrical impulses that control heartbeat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pericardium, myocardium, endocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>apex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left atrium = Collects oxygenated blood from the lungs Right atrium = Collects deoxygenated blood from the body Left ventricle = Pumps oxygenated blood to the body Right ventricle = Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systolic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diastole and systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immune; safe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>State of; condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce and secrete specific antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T-lymphocytes = Cellular immunity B-lymphocytes = Antibody production NK-lymphocytes = Natural cytotoxicity Macrophages = Ingestion of dead cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibody production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Produce antibodies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural Active Immunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural Active Immunity = Antibodies produced after natural exposure to an antigen Natural Passive Immunity = Antibodies passed from mother to baby Artificial Active Immunity = Antibodies produced after artificial exposure to an antigen Artificial Passive Immunity = Antibodies administered through injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aid antibodies and T cells in killing their targets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow gas exchange between air and blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contracts and moves downward to aid in inhalation and relaxes to assist in exhalation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>parietal; visceral</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alveoli = Gas exchange Pleura = Protective membrane of lungs Diaphragm = Muscle aiding in breathing Bronchioles = Air passage to alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps with breathing by contracting and expanding the chest cavity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alveoli are air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs, allowing oxygen to enter the blood and carbon dioxide to exit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nose = Entrance to the respiratory tract Bronchi = Branches off the trachea Alveoli = Gas exchange surface Paranasal sinuses = Lighten bones and provide resonance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water and carbon dioxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filtering blood to remove wastes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>95</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kidneys = Filter blood and remove wastes Ureters = Transport urine to the bladder Bladder = Reservoir for urine Urethra = Carries urine out of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filtering blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>micturition</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood

Clotting

Cell

Red

White

Clot

Bone marrow

Eat; swallow

Plasma is mostly water (92%) and contains proteins, sugars, wastes, salts, hormones, lipids, and vitamins.

Proteins like albumin (water balance), globulins (including antibodies), fibrinogen and prothrombin (clotting) are present in plasma.

Red blood cells that carry oxygen to body tissues using hemoglobin; have a short lifespan, and are broken down in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.

An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

White blood cells that protect the body from infection and disease.

Platelets that help blood clot and prevent blood loss.

The process of blood cell formation from hematopoietic stem cells.

Unspecialized cells that develop into mature, specialized blood cells under the influence of proteins.

The organ system responsible for breaking down food into smaller components, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating waste.

The process of taking food into the mouth.

The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller molecules.

The process of digested food passing through the intestinal lining and into the bloodstream.

The expulsion of solid waste from the body.

The beginning of the digestive system, also known as the mouth.

The bony front portion of the roof of the mouth.

The flexible, back portion of the roof of the mouth that closes off the nasal cavity during swallowing.

The fleshy tissue surrounding teeth sockets.

A fluid secreted by salivary glands, moistens food, cleanses the mouth, and contains digestive enzymes.

The passageway for both air and food, connecting the nasal and oral cavities to the trachea and esophagus.

A flap of tissue that covers the airway during swallowing, preventing food from entering the trachea.

A muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach using peristalsis.

Wave-like muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

A muscular organ in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen that begins protein digestion and prepares food for further processing.

Partially digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine.

The first part of the small intestine, where food from the stomach mixes with digestive fluids from the pancreas and liver.

The middle part of the small intestine, where most nutrient absorption occurs.

The final part of the small intestine, where any remaining nutrients are absorbed.

The first part of the large intestine, where the appendix is attached.

A small, finger-like projection attached to the cecum with an unclear function but can become inflamed and infected.

The liver produces bile, a greenish-yellow fluid that aids in fat digestion by breaking down large fat globules into smaller droplets.

The liver filters blood coming from the digestive tract, removing toxins, drugs, and waste products, breaking them down into less harmful substances or preparing them for elimination.

The liver stores essential vitamins (A, D, E, K, B12) and minerals (iron) for later use by the body.

The liver manufactures essential proteins like albumin (maintains blood volume), clotting factors (help blood clot), and enzymes (break down substances).

The liver regulates blood glucose levels by converting excess glucose into glycogen for storage, and releasing stored glycogen when glucose levels are low.

Combining form for Stomach

Combining form for Intestine

Suffix meaning Enzyme

The heart is located in the thoracic cavity between the lungs, in a space called the mediastinum.

The heart has three layers: pericardium (outer), myocardium (middle, muscle), and endocardium (inner).

The myocardium is the thickest layer of the heart wall, made of muscle. It pumps blood and needs continuous oxygen supply.

The heart is divided into two halves by a septum, with each half further divided into two chambers: upper atria and lower ventricles.

The heart has four chambers: the right and left atria (upper chambers) and the right and left ventricles (lower chambers).

The sinoatrial node (SA node) is the heart's pacemaker, responsible for generating electrical signals that trigger heart contractions.

The pulse is the pressure wave of blood through the arteries, caused by the heart's contractions.

Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood against the walls of arteries. It has two measurements: systolic (when the heart contracts) and diastolic (when the heart relaxes).

Combining form for eating or swallowing.

Prefix meaning against.

Specialized white blood cells (B lymphocytes) that produce antibodies to fight off specific antigens.

Long-lived lymphocytes that remember specific antigens and can quickly launch a defense if the same antigen is encountered again.

T lymphocytes that activate other immune cells like B cells and cytotoxic T cells, orchestrating a coordinated immune response.

T lymphocytes that directly kill cells infected with viruses or cancerous cells.

T lymphocytes that regulate and suppress the immune response once the infection is controlled, preventing excessive inflammation and attack on healthy cells.

Immunity acquired naturally through exposure to an antigen, such as contracting chickenpox and developing immunity.

Immunity received passively from the mother through the placenta or breast milk, providing temporary protection to the newborn.

Immunity acquired through vaccination, which introduces weakened or inactive antigens to trigger an immune response and produce long-lasting protection.

The body's natural ability to resist harmful substances such as bacteria, viruses, and toxins, protecting tissues and organs from damage.

Organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, that cause disease in a host.

Any molecule that triggers an immune response, often found on the surface of pathogens, toxins, or tumor cells.

Proteins produced by the immune system (specifically B lymphocytes) that bind to specific antigens, neutralizing their effects.

Non-specific, inborn defenses that are always active, providing immediate protection against a wide range of threats.

Specific defenses that are acquired through exposure to pathogens, providing long-term immunity and remembering past encounters.

White blood cells (specifically B and T cells) that play a crucial role in adaptive immunity.

B lymphocytes produce and release specific antibodies into the bloodstream to neutralize targeted antigens.

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air in the lungs and the blood.

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the bloodstream and the body's cells.

The nose filters, warms, and moistens air before it enters the lungs. It also contains smell receptors.

The pharynx is the throat, a passage for both air and food. It has three parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

The trachea, or windpipe, is a tube that carries air from the pharynx to the lungs.

The trachea splits into two primary bronchi, the left and right, leading to the lungs.

Bronchioles are smaller branches of the bronchial tree within the lungs.

The lungs are the main organs of respiration, where gas exchange occurs. They are divided into lobes and contain tiny air sacs called alveoli.

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange takes place.

Branches of the windpipe (trachea) that carry air into the lungs.

A dome-shaped muscle that helps with breathing by contracting and flattening to draw air into the lungs.

The process of breathing in air.

The process of breathing out air.

Inspiration (inhalation) is taking air in due to decreased air pressure in the lungs when the diaphragm contracts, while expiration (exhalation) is releasing air out due to increased air pressure when the diaphragm relaxes.

The urinary system eliminates waste products and regulates homeostasis.

The kidneys are located on either side of the spine, outside the peritoneum (retroperitoneal) in the lumbar region.

Nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys, filtering blood and concentrating waste into urine.

The glomerulus filters blood and water, allowing them to pass into Bowman's capsule.

The body reabsorbs essential substances like sugar and salt from the filtered fluid back into the bloodstream.

Ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

The bladder stores urine until it is released through the urethra.

The urethra carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.