Human Blood Components Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary component of plasma?

  • Proteins
  • Water (correct)
  • Sugars
  • Hormones

    • Erythrocytes have a lifespan of approximately 90 days.

    False

    What is the function of globulins in plasma?

    They help with immune function as they include antibodies.

    Thrombocytes are also known as ______.

    <p>platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of blood cells with their primary functions:

    <p>Erythrocytes = Carry oxygen Leukocytes = Fight infection Thrombocytes = Blood clotting Stem cells = Produce blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein in plasma is primarily responsible for maintaining water balance?

    <p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of breaking down worn-out erythrocytes is known as hematopoiesis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of hemoglobin helps hold onto oxygen?

    <p>Heme groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the combining form 'Erythr/o' refer to?

    <p>Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The suffix '-emia' indicates a condition related to the breakdown of blood.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the combining form 'Thromb/o' refer to?

    <p>Clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prefix 'A-' denotes _____ or the absence of something.

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following suffixes with their meanings:

    <p>-poiesis = Formation -globin = Protein -lytic = Destruction -gen = Substance that produces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix indicates a condition of blood?

    <p>-emia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The combining form 'Cyt/o' refers to red blood cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the combining form 'Phag/o' mean?

    <p>Eat; swallow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the digestive system?

    <p>Break down food for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The soft palate and the epiglottis serve the same function during swallowing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do teeth play in the digestive process?

    <p>Teeth grind and chew food to facilitate swallowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ is the opening to the digestive tract, assisting with food intake.

    <p>mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the parts of the oral cavity with their functions:

    <p>Lips = Hold food inside the mouth Tongue = Moves food and aids in speech Tonsils = Filters against microorganisms Cheeks = Forms walls of the oral cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is NOT a focus of digestive enzymes?

    <p>Vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Absorption in the digestive system refers to the solid waste elimination from the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five tastes that can be detected by the taste buds?

    <p>Sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which salivary gland is located beneath the jaw?

    <p>Submandibular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The epiglottis helps to direct food into the trachea.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the stomach?

    <p>To begin the digestion of proteins and prepare food for further digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the functions of the liver?

    <p>Produces bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach.

    <p>esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The liver only removes toxins from the body and has no other functions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of the stomach with their descriptions:

    <p>Fundus = Upper part of the stomach Body = Main central region Antrum = Lower part that narrows before the pyloric sphincter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the capacity of the stomach approximately?

    <p>1.5 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two vitamins or minerals that the liver stores.

    <p>Vitamin A and iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prefix 'Endo-' means ______.

    <p>Inside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Villi are found in the walls of the small intestine and help absorb nutrients.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process moves food through the esophagus?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following combining forms with their meanings:

    <p>Gastr/o = Stomach Intestin/o = Intestine Gingiv/o = Gums Gloss/o = Tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

    <p>Digests food directly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The suffix '-ase' indicates a type of enzyme.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The combining form 'Cheil/o' refers to the ______.

    <p>Lips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the small intestine is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?

    <p>Jejunum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The appendix has a significant role in the digestive process.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the large intestine?

    <p>To store and prepare wastes for excretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ is the longest portion of the small intestine and absorbs the remaining nutrients.

    <p>ileum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following regions of the large intestine with their descriptions:

    <p>Cecum = First region of the large intestine Rectum = Final section before the anus Ascending colon = Region that travels upward from the cecum Sigmoid colon = S-shaped section leading to the rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the sinoatrial node (SA)?

    <p>To generate electrical impulses that control heartbeat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The left ventricle pumps blood to the pulmonary system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the three layers of the heart wall.

    <p>Pericardium, myocardium, endocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The inferior aspect of the heart is known as the _____

    <p>apex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following heart chambers with their description:

    <p>Left atrium = Collects oxygenated blood from the lungs Right atrium = Collects deoxygenated blood from the body Left ventricle = Pumps oxygenated blood to the body Right ventricle = Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measurement in blood pressure represents the force during ventricular contraction?

    <p>Systolic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The interventricular septum separates the two atria of the heart.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two phases of the heartbeat called?

    <p>Diastole and systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the combining form 'Immun/o' refer to?

    <p>Immune; safe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prefix 'Anti-' means 'for' or 'in favor of'.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the suffix '-sis'?

    <p>State of; condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The combining form 'Cyt/o' refers to a _____.

    <p>Cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can affect an individual's immunity?

    <p>Health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antigens are only found in pathogens.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of B-lymphocytes?

    <p>To produce and secrete specific antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___ are the molecules that trigger an immune response.

    <p>Antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of lymphocytes with their primary functions:

    <p>T-lymphocytes = Cellular immunity B-lymphocytes = Antibody production NK-lymphocytes = Natural cytotoxicity Macrophages = Ingestion of dead cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a non-specific defense mechanism?

    <p>Antibody production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Innate defenses are specific to a particular antigen.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a type of pathogen that can trigger an immune response.

    <p>Bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of plasma cells?

    <p>Produce antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Memory cells can only respond to previously encountered antigens if they are activated by vaccines.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of T lymphocyte is responsible for directly killing infected or cancerous cells?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Natural passive immunity occurs when antibodies are passed from the mother to her baby through the ______.

    <p>placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity involves the body producing its own antibodies after infection?

    <p>Natural Active Immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of immunity with their definitions:

    <p>Natural Active Immunity = Antibodies produced after natural exposure to an antigen Natural Passive Immunity = Antibodies passed from mother to baby Artificial Active Immunity = Antibodies produced after artificial exposure to an antigen Artificial Passive Immunity = Antibodies administered through injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Helper T cells function to suppress the immune response.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of complements in the immune system?

    <p>Aid antibodies and T cells in killing their targets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the alveoli in the lungs?

    <p>To allow gas exchange between air and blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The right lung has two lobes, while the left lung has three lobes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the diaphragm play in the breathing process?

    <p>It contracts and moves downward to aid in inhalation and relaxes to assist in exhalation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ pleura lines the thoracic cavity, while the ______ pleura covers the surface of the lung.

    <p>parietal; visceral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms with their functions:

    <p>Alveoli = Gas exchange Pleura = Protective membrane of lungs Diaphragm = Muscle aiding in breathing Bronchioles = Air passage to alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the function of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?

    <p>It helps with breathing by contracting and expanding the chest cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The epiglottis is responsible for covering the trachea during swallowing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are alveoli and why are they important for respiration?

    <p>Alveoli are air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs, allowing oxygen to enter the blood and carbon dioxide to exit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ is responsible for the sensation of smell.

    <p>nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of external respiration?

    <p>Exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Internal respiration occurs in the lungs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the three divisions of the pharynx.

    <p>Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ is known as the windpipe.

    <p>trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following respiratory structures with their functions:

    <p>Nose = Entrance to the respiratory tract Bronchi = Branches off the trachea Alveoli = Gas exchange surface Paranasal sinuses = Lighten bones and provide resonance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the by-products of cellular respiration?

    <p>Water and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cilia in the nasal cavity help push air into the lungs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure divides the trachea into the right and left bronchus?

    <p>Primary bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the kidneys?

    <p>Filtering blood to remove wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ureters are responsible for carrying urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional unit of the kidney called?

    <p>nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Urine is composed of approximately ___% water.

    <p>95</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following structures with their functions:

    <p>Kidneys = Filter blood and remove wastes Ureters = Transport urine to the bladder Bladder = Reservoir for urine Urethra = Carries urine out of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the glomeruli play in urine formation?

    <p>Filtering blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Protein and blood cells are typically found in urine as a result of glomerular filtration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which urine moves from the bladder to the outside of the body called?

    <p>micturition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Plasma Composition

    • Plasma is mostly water (approx. 92%).
    • It also contains proteins, sugars, wastes, salts, hormones, lipids, and vitamins.
    • Various proteins in plasma include albumin (maintains water balance), globulins (some are antibodies), fibrinogen, and prothrombin (clotting proteins).

    Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)

    • Erythrocytes are the most common blood cells.
    • They carry oxygen to body tissues and contain hemoglobin.
    • Their shape (lacking nuclei) and heme groups enable efficient oxygen delivery.
    • Heme groups bind oxygen, appearing red when bound.
    • Erythrocytes live for approximately 120 days.
    • Worn-out cells are broken down in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow (hemolysis).
    • Hemoglobin components (iron and proteins) are recycled.
    • Bilirubin, a breakdown product, is filtered by the liver and excreted.

    Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)

    • Leukocytes defend against infection and disease.
    • They circulate in the blood and throughout the lymphatic system.
    • Leuk/o means white and -cyte means cell.

    Thrombocytes (Platelets)

    • Thrombocytes (platelets) help blood clot (coagulation/hemostasis).
    • They originate from hematopoietic stem cells.
    • Immature cells (called blasts) develop into mature blood cells.

    Hematopoiesis

    • Hematopoiesis is the production of blood cells.
    • Specialized stem cells give rise to mature, specialized cells.
    • Proteins in bone marrow and blood influence stem cell development.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the composition of blood, including plasma, erythrocytes, and leukocytes. This quiz covers essential functions and characteristics of these components, such as oxygen transport and immune defense. Ideal for students studying biology or health science.

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