Human Biology Facts

• The Pericardium is not a bone in the human body
• Rennin and lactase (enzymes to digest milk) disappear by age two
• The Duodenum is situated at the uppermost part of the small intestine
• The heart is covered by a membrane called Pericardium
• About 1% of the total calcium present in the human body is in the blood

Phenylketonuria

• Phenylketonuria is an inborn error of metabolism
• Phenylketonuria refers to an inherited lack of an enzyme

Blood Flow in Limbs

• In arms and legs, blood flows against gravity
• Blood is prevented from flowing back by valves

Twins

• Identical twins arise when cells develop independently from the same zygote
• Chromium is not found in blood

Scratching

• Scratching itches because it stimulates certain nerves to increase antihistamine production

Thymus Gland

• The thymus gland is largest at birth relative to body size
• The thymus gland gradually shrinks after puberty

Sperm Chromosomes

• A human sperm may contain an X-chromosome or a Y-chromosome

Leg Bones

• The radius is not a bone in the legs

Arterial Bleeding

• Bleeding from an artery: blood is red, and the bleeding is continuous

Vestigial Organs

• The diaphragm is not a vestigial organ

Gliding Joint

• The bone articulations of carpals forms the gliding joint

Pancreas Hormones

• The pancreas secretes hormones that help keep sugar balance in body

SA Node

• The SA node (Sinoatrial node) of the mammalian heart is known as the pacemaker

Blood Pressure

• Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by blood on vessel walls
• Blood pressure decreases in arteries further from the heart
• Blood pressure is lower in capillaries than in arteries
• Blood pressure is usually lower in women than in men

Lactogenic Hormone

• Lactogenic hormone is responsible for milk secretion in mothers

Sequence of Events in Heart Attack

• Plaque forms from fibrous tissue and high cholesterol
• Followed by an inadequate supply of blood and oxygen
• Next is narrowing of the inner orifice of the vessel
• Finally, clots of blood are carried into the coronary arteries

Bile Juice

• Bile juice is secreted by the liver

Veins vs. Arteries

• Veins differ from arteries as veins have valves to control the direction of flow

Insulin

• The main function of insulin in the human body is to control the level of sugar in the body

Pepsin

• Pepsin is an enzyme that works in an acidic medium

Blood Pressure Measurement

• Blood pressure is the pressure of blood in the arteries

Skull Bones

• The total number of bones in the human skull is 30

Pituitary Gland

• The pituitary gland controls the development of sex organs in humans

Oxygen Transport

• Oxygen is transported to every cell of the human body by red blood cells

Infection Protection

• White blood corpuscles protect humans from infection

Normal Body Temperature

• The normal temperature of the human body is 98.4 F

Hypermetropia

• Seeing objects clearly only at a distance of about 25 cm away indicates hypermetropia.

Normal Blood Pressure

• The normal blood pressure value of four persons is unknown.

Test-Tube Baby

• In the case of a test-tube baby, fertilisation takes place outside the mother's body

Pituitary Gland Location

• The pituitary gland is located below the brain

Blood Purification

• The lungs are used in purification of blood in human body

Cornea

• The cornea is part of the eye

Funny Bone

• The funny bone is a nerve

Cellulose Digestion

• Man cannot digest cellulose but cows can, because their gut contains bacteria capable of digesting cellulose

Deformed Children

• Thalidomide when taken by pregnant women, is found to be the cause of deformed children

Chromosome Number

• The diploid number of chromosomes in the human body is 46

Largest Human Cell

• The largest cell in the human body is the nerve cell

Lichens

• Lichens are formed due to the symbiotic association of algae and fungi

Insecta (Insects)

• Insects form the largest class of animals living on land and sea. They are grouped into 29 orders

Plankton

• Plankton live on the surface of lake water

Smallest Egg

• Humming bird has the smallest egg

Maximum Population

• The population of beetles is the maximum on the earth

Snake Poison Glands

• Poison glands of snakes are homologous to salivary glands of vertebrates

Phylum Chordata

• The Phylum Chordata is characterised by the presence of notochord

Auxins

• The presence of auxins in plants suppresses the growth of lateral buds

Hospital Pharmacy Head

• The head of hospital pharmacy should be a post-graduate in pharmacy

Emergency Box

• The emergency box in a hospital contains life-saving drugs like Adrenalin

Chemical Control of Breathing

• The carotid body plays an important role in the chemical control of breathing

Physiological Antagonism Example

• Histamine and Adrenalin is an example of physiological antagonism

Histamine Release

• Histamine is released from basophils

Tachyphylaxis

• Ephedrine exhibits tachyphylaxis

Non-Sedating H1 Antagonist

• Cetirizine is an H1 antagonist that does not produce sedation

Labour Induction

• Ergometrine is preferred for induction of labour

Burns Treatment

• Silver sulphadiazine is used locally for the treatment of burns

Anaerobe Treatment

• Metronidazole is the drug of choice for the treatment of anaerobes

Phenytoin Sodium Adverse Effect

• Phenytoin sodium produces gingival hyperplasia as a characteristic adverse effect

Anticoagulant for Transfusion

• Sodium citrate is most suitable anticoagulant for preservation of blood for transfusion

Mydriasis Induction

• Atropine produces active mydriasis when instilled in the eye

Pre-Ganglionic Sympathetic Nerve Fibers

• Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter released from pre-ganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres

Cerebellum Function

• The main function of the cerebellum is regulation of respiration

Muscle Differentiation

• Automaticity and rhythmicity differentiates cardiac muscle from smooth muscle

Tuberculosis and Leprosy Treatment

• Rifampicin is used for tuberculosis and leprosy treatment

Chloroquine-Resistant Malaria

• Artemisin is useful in the treatment of Chloroquine-resistant malaria

Water Hardness

• The hardness of water is primarily due to Calcium

Harmful Vitamin Doses

• Excessive doses of Vitamin A may be harmful

Epidemic Disease

• Plague is an epidemic disease

Hospital-Acquired Infections

• Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of hospital-acquired infections

Gram-Negative Bacteria

• Salmonella typhi is an example of gram-negative bacteria

Coagulation Factor Synthesis

• Vitamin K is associated with the synthesis of coagulation factor

Obstructive Jaundice

• In obstructive jaundice disease, urinary bilirubin is increased

Protein Primary Structure

• The peptide bond is present in the primary structure of protein

Obese People Death

• Heart disease is the leading cause of death in an obese person

Histones

• Histones are basic proteins

Barfoed's Solution

• Barfoed solution isn't reduced by Sucrose

Beta-Lactam Antibiotic

• Amoxicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic

Alkaloid Anesthetic

• Cocaine is an alkaloid used as a local anesthetic

Extraction Solvents

• Solvents used in the extraction process are called Menstrum

Kieselguhr

• Kieselguhr can be used as a filter-aid

Bactrim Composition

• Bactrim's composition is Sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim

Cyanocobalamin

• Cyanocobalamin is used in the treatment of Megaloblastic anaemia

Powder Preparation

• Starch is used as a filler in powder preparation

Sterile Filtration

• Membrane filters used for sterile filtration are rated as 0.22 to 0.45 microns

Chewable Tablets

• Chewable tablets do not contain disintegrant

Hard Gelatin Capsules

• Titanium dioxide is used as an opacifier in hard gelatin capsules

Drug Delivery

• Occuserts are used to deliver drugs in the eye

Hydrocolloid

• Cellulose is an example of natural hydrocolloid

Tetracycline Schedule

• Tablets of tetracycline should be manufactured per Schedule F conditions

Hospital Distribution System

• The unit dose system is used in a hospital to save time

Manpower in Pharmacy (200 beds)

• If a hospital has 200 beds, the number of pharmacists required are 8

TQM

• TQM stands for Total Quality Management

Arkayantra Preparation

• In Ayurvedic liquid preparation arkayantra is used for Distillation

Medicine

• "Let "likes be treated by likes" is basic principle medicine in Homoeopathy

No Urine Production

• The production of no urine is termed as Anurea

Somatostatin Secretion

• Somatostatin is secreted by Delta cells of the pancreas