Human Biology - Excretory System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of the kidneys in the excretory system?

  • Production of bile
  • Elimination of waste products and maintenance of water balance (correct)
  • Absorption of nutrients
  • Water storage

Which part of the nephron is responsible for the initial reabsorption of glucose and amino acids?

  • Bowman's Capsule
  • Proximal Tubule (correct)
  • Loop of Henle
  • Distal Tubule

What is the primary action of aldosterone in the kidneys?

  • Inhibits salt absorption
  • Increases sodium retention and water reabsorption (correct)
  • Decreases blood pressure
  • Increases urine output

How does increased levels of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) affect urine concentration?

<p>It results in more concentrated urine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step of urine formation involves the filtration of substances from glomerular capillaries into Bowman's capsule?

<p>Glomerular filtration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure carries blood away from the nephron?

<p>Renal Vein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the solute reabsorption step of urine formation?

<p>Sodium chloride, glucose, and amino acids are actively transported to the blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the role of caffeine and alcohol on ADH release?

<p>They inhibit the release of ADH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the nephron does water reabsorption mainly occur?

<p>Descending loop of Henle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common composition of kidney stones?

<p>Calcium oxalate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Kidney Function

Kidneys filter blood, remove waste, and maintain fluid balance.

Nephron Structure

Nephrons are the functional units of kidneys, filtering blood and creating urine.

ADH Role

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) controls water reabsorption in the kidneys, affecting urine concentration.

Proximal Tubule

First section of the nephron responsible for majority of the initial reabsorption of glucose and salts.

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Loop of Henle

Part of the nephron that reabsorbs water and salt, concentrating urine.

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Aldosterone's effect

Aldosterone pulls salt across, increasing sodium, water reabsorption, and blood volume, thus raising blood pressure. It's made in the adrenal cortex.

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Glomerular Filtration

The first step of urine formation where substances (water, salts, glucose) from the glomerular capillaries move into Bowman's capsule.

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Reabsorption (kidney)

The process in the proximal tubule where essential materials like sodium, glucose, amino acids are taken back from the filtrate into the blood stream.

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Kidney stone composition

Kidney stones are most often made of calcium oxalate.

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Dialysis purpose

A process used when kidneys aren't working properly; blood is cleaned by a machine.

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