Human Biology Chapter on Nervous System

Factors in the environment that cause a response or change in an organism. Examples include light, heat, cold, sound, smell, and touch.

The process by which different organs in a living organism work together in a controlled way to create a proper response to stimuli.

Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands. They help regulate and coordinate bodily functions.

Specialized nerve cell tips that detect information from the environment. They are located in our sense organs like eyes, ears, skin, nose, and tongue.

The control system of the body, responsible for receiving, processing, and transmitting information.

The main coordinating center of the body, responsible for thinking, reasoning, memory, and controlling actions.

The branched part of a neuron that receives and transmits stimuli from other neurons.

The long, slender part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body.

A rapid, automatic response to a stimulus, controlled by the spinal cord, bypassing the brain for faster reaction.

The pathway taken by nerve impulses during a reflex action, involving a receptor, sensory nerve, spinal cord, motor nerve, and effector.

Nerve cells responsible for sending signals to the central nervous system (CNS) from receptors.

Nerve cells that carry signals from the CNS to muscles or glands, causing a response.

Muscles or glands that carry out the response to a stimulus.

Plant hormones that regulate growth and development, including bending towards light.

The ability of plants to adjust their behavior in response to environmental changes, using hormones.

The largest and main thinking part of the brain, responsible for sensory reception, reasoning, speech, and information processing.

The dome-shaped, roof-like structure of the brain responsible for higher thinking skills, including reasoning, speech, and memory.

One of the four lobes of the Cerebrum, responsible for voluntary muscle movements, memory, and speech.

The lobe of the Cerebrum responsible for processing sensory information, especially touch, taste, and spatial awareness.

The lobe of the Cerebrum responsible for auditory processing, memory formation, and language comprehension.

The lobe of the Cerebrum responsible for visual processing and interpreting what you see.

The part of the brain that controls the urges for eating and drinking, regulates sleep and wake cycles, and plays a vital role in maintaining bodily functions.

The part of the brain that connects the spinal cord to the rest of the brain, and coordinates motor functions, posture, balance, and voluntary activities.

Plant hormones that promote cell enlargement and differentiation in presence of auxins, helping break seed and bud dormancy and promoting fruit growth.

Plant hormones that promote cell division, help break dormancy in seeds and buds, delay leaf aging, promote stomata opening, and contribute to fruit growth.

A growth-inhibiting plant hormone that triggers stomatal closure, seed dormancy, protein and chlorophyll loss, and leaf abscission.

The response of plants to a directional stimulus, resulting in movement either towards or away from the stimulus.

A type of tropism where the plant movement is in response to light, causing bending towards or away from light sources.

A type of tropism where the plant movement is in response to gravity, causing growth either with or against the gravitational force.

A type of tropism where the plant movement is in response to touch, causing growth or coiling around a physical object.

A type of tropism where the plant movement is in response to water, causing growth towards water sources.

The process by which the body manages stress and emergencies, often triggered by fear or danger. It involves physical changes like increased heart rate, faster breathing, and more blood flow to muscles.

A disorder caused by an imbalance in the secretion of growth hormone. It results in abnormally short stature due to insufficient growth hormone.

An abnormal condition resulting from excessive growth hormone secretion. It leads to unusually tall height and increased body size.

An endocrine gland located in the neck, responsible for producing thyroxine hormone. This hormone needs iodine for synthesis and plays a crucial role in metabolism.

A condition characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland, often caused by iodine deficiency. It can lead to a swollen neck.

A disorder caused by insufficient insulin secretion by the pancreas, leading to high blood sugar levels. The body can't use glucose properly, causing harmful effects.

A protective layer of bone surrounding and protecting the spinal cord, which is a vital part of the nervous system.