Human Behavior in Organizations Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Human Behaviour in Organisations?

  • Examining how external factors influence employee performance
  • Understanding how individual differences in behaviour impact the workplace (correct)
  • Developing strategies for managing conflict and power dynamics
  • Analyzing the relationship between organizational structure and individual behaviour
  • Which of the following disciplines does NOT significantly contribute to the study of Human Behaviour in Organisations?

  • Sociology
  • Anthropology
  • Economics (correct)
  • Psychology
  • What is the key characteristic of Human Behaviour, as defined in the content?

  • It consistently reflects predictable patterns across individuals.
  • It is shaped by internal and external stimuli throughout life. (correct)
  • It is solely driven by individual motivation and temperament.
  • It remains constant and unchanging despite various influences.
  • How does Sociology contribute to the understanding of Human Behaviour in Organisations?

    <p>By analyzing the social and cultural factors shaping organizational structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Psychology contribute to understanding Human Behaviour in Organisations?

    <p>By examining individual factors such as learning, motivation, and decision-making (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key area of contribution from Psychology to the study of Human Behaviour in Organisations?

    <p>Organizational culture and structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Sociology in relation to the study of organisational behaviour?

    <p>To understand the social interactions and relationships within organizations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common factor is shared between Psychology and Sociology's contributions to the study of Human Behaviour in Organisations?

    <p>Analyzing the influence of social and cultural factors on behaviour. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of commitment is based on the perceived costs of leaving the organization?

    <p>Continuance Commitment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT influence individual behavior?

    <p>Gender preference (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of values are defined as stable, long-lasting beliefs about what is important?

    <p>Personal Values (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the formula B = f(P,E) suggest?

    <p>Behavior is a function of both the person and the environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of diversity in organizations?

    <p>The mixture of people in terms of demographic characteristics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavioural science focuses primarily on the individual level of analysis in Organizational Behaviour?

    <p>Psychology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the concept of "Social Awareness" affect the successful implementation of "Relationship Management"?

    <p>Social Awareness helps build trust by understanding the feelings and needs of others, leading to better relationship management. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Anthropology's contribution to Organizational Behaviour?

    <p>The study of how an organization's culture and environment shape its behaviour. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these fields of study contributes MOST to the understanding of "Group Dynamics" in Organizational Behaviour?

    <p>Sociology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a core contribution of Sociology to Organizational Behaviour?

    <p>Personality and individual motivation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a direct application of "Social Psychology" in Organizational Behaviour?

    <p>Understanding the influence of social media on employee behaviour. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Exhibit 1-1, what is the primary output of Sociology as a behavioural science in Organizational Behaviour?

    <p>Work and organizational behaviour (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main contribution of Political Science to Organizational Behaviour?

    <p>Exploring the dynamics of power and conflict within organizations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of attitudes focuses on an individual's belief in an organization's values?

    <p>Organisational Commitment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of studying organizational behavior for managers?

    <p>To help people behave differently for improved performance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which competency is primarily concerned with effective communication and handling conflicts in teams?

    <p>Team Management (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trait involves understanding one's own emotions and the emotions of others?

    <p>Self-Awareness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a facet of overall job satisfaction?

    <p>Relative Performance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element of emotional intelligence helps in building better interpersonal relationships?

    <p>Empathy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the competency of Ethics primarily focus on?

    <p>Incorporating values and principles in decision-making (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a key aspect of Job Engagement?

    <p>Feeling highly involved in one's job (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a determinant of personality, according to the provided content?

    <p>Cognitive abilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Big Five Model, which dimension reflects an individual's tendency to be organized and reliable?

    <p>Conscientiousness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary contribution of anthropologists to the understanding of organizations?

    <p>Providing insight into organizational culture, environments, and cultural differences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality trait is associated with the belief that individuals have control over their own destinies?

    <p>Locus of Control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a core component of the Big Five personality model?

    <p>Introversion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) in understanding individual differences?

    <p>It classifies individuals into 16 personality types based on preferences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information provided, which of the following is a true statement about personality?

    <p>Personality is a combination of both hereditary and environmental factors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary goal of Organisational Behaviour?

    <p>Developing new organizational structures and strategies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the Big Five personality dimensions is associated with the following specific traits: Anxiety, Vulnerability?

    <p>Neuroticism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing behaviour at work?

    <p>Environmental Conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a participation behaviour in the workplace?

    <p>Volunteering for extra projects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of organizational behaviour?

    <p>Prediction of future market trends (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements BEST describes the role of Organisational Behaviour in improving organizational effectiveness?

    <p>OB informs and influences all aspects of human behaviour within organizations to achieve optimal performance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a factor that influences Individual Factors in workplace behaviour?

    <p>An employee's personal values and beliefs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an organisation?

    <p>Competition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Organisational Behaviour is FALSE?

    <p>OB primarily focuses on the performance of individuals within an organisation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Anthropology

    The study of societies to understand human beings and their activities.

    Individual Differences

    Variations among people that impact job satisfaction, performance, stress, and leadership.

    Determinants of Personality

    Factors that influence personality include hereditary and environmental aspects.

    Locus of Control

    The extent to which individuals believe they can control their own fate.

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    Self Esteem

    The extent to which individuals feel positive or negative about themselves.

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    The Big Five Model

    A personality model that includes Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, Openness to Experience.

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    Extraversion

    A Big Five trait characterized by talkativeness and assertiveness.

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    Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

    A personality assessment based on preferences for extraversion, introversion, perception, and judgment.

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    Interactive Behaviour

    The manner in which individuals engage and communicate in an organization.

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    Key Influencers of Behaviour

    Factors that affect how individuals act at work, including psychology, sociology, and environment.

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    Psychology's Role

    The study that explores human behavior through aspects like motivation, personality, and emotions.

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    Sociology's Contribution

    The study of individuals in relation to their social structures and cultures.

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    Organisational Culture

    The shared values, beliefs, and norms that shape how members interact.

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    Emotional Influence

    How feelings and emotions impact decision-making and team interactions in a workplace.

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    Interpersonal Competencies

    Skills required to communicate effectively and build positive relationships within the workplace.

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    Myers-Briggs Personality Types

    A framework categorizing personalities into 16 types based on four dichotomies.

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    Perception

    The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory impressions to understand the environment.

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    Values

    Stable beliefs about what is important in various situations, influencing behavior.

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    Organizational Commitment

    An individual's emotional attachment to, identification with, and involvement in an organization.

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    Diversity

    The variety of people in an organization based on characteristics like race, gender, and age.

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    Organizational Behavior (OB)

    The study of how individuals and groups behave within organizations to improve effectiveness.

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    Characteristics of Goals

    Goals that include specialization, formalization, centralization, and subsitution of personnel.

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    Group Norms

    Shared expectations and rules that guide behavior within a group.

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    Group Roles

    The expected behaviors and responsibilities of individuals within a group.

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    Leadership Style

    The approach and methods used by leaders to motivate and manage their teams.

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    Job Performance

    The effectiveness with which an individual or group completes their work tasks.

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    Attitude

    An emotional or affective evaluation towards a job or aspect of work.

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    Self-Management

    The ability to regulate your emotions, thoughts, and behaviors in different situations.

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    Social Awareness

    The ability to understand and empathize with others' feelings and perspectives.

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    Relationship Management

    The process of building and maintaining positive relationships through trust and effective communication.

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    Psychology's Contribution to OB

    Explores individual behavior and influences like motivation, emotions, and personality.

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    Sociology's Role in OB

    Examines the dynamics of groups and organizations, including culture and communication.

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    Social Psychology in OB

    Studies how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others.

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    Anthropology's Perspective

    Examines organizational practices and environments to understand human behavior within societies.

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    Political Science's Impact

    Focuses on power dynamics and influence within organizations, including conflict resolution.

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    Job Involvement

    The level to which a person identifies with their job.

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    Emotional Intelligence

    The ability to recognize and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others.

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    Self-Awareness

    Understanding one's own feelings and their impact on behavior.

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    Communication Effectiveness

    Ability to share information clearly so it is understood as intended.

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    Adaptability

    The ability to respond effectively to new and unexpected changes.

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    Team Management

    Knowing when to use teams and how to handle conflicts within them.

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    Study Notes

    Course Information

    • Course Title: Human Behaviour in Organisations
    • Course Code: OHRM 303
    • Institution: University of Ghana Business School (UGBS)

    Learning Outcomes

    • Define interactive behaviour and its significance in organisations
    • Understand key factors influencing behaviour at work
    • Identify and develop effective interpersonal competencies

    Introduction

    • Human behaviour is crucial in shaping work environments.
    • The course examines interactive behaviour and effective competencies.
    • People have distinct differences that impact their feelings, thoughts, and behaviours in organizations.
    • These differences affect job satisfaction, performance, and stress.
    • The session introduces the fundamentals of individual differences.
    • Human behaviour is the potential and demonstrated capacity of individuals or groups responding to internal and external stimuli throughout life.
    • Thoughts, feelings, social norms, genetics, attitude, creativity, spirituality, and environment influence behaviour.

    Influencing Factors

    • Psychology: Focuses on measuring, explaining, and possibly modifying human and animal behaviour (e.g., motivation, personality, attitudes). Key areas include learning, personality, perception, emotions, leadership, management, employee selection, job stress, etc.
    • Sociology: Studies societies and social relationships (communication, teams, conflict, culture, power) applying it to organizations. Provides insights into organisational culture, power dynamics, conflict, and organisational structures.
    • Anthropology: Focuses on learning about societies and cultures to understand human beings and their activities. Its role is understanding organisational cultures, organisational settings, and cultural differences.
    • Political science: Explores intra-organisational conflicts, power dynamics, and influence.

    Individual Differences

    • Individual differences affect job satisfaction, performance, job stress, and leadership.
    • These differences stem from various factors like personality traits, perception, values, and attitudes.

    Personality

    • Enduring patterns of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors guide individual social interactions (e.g., hereditary and environmental factors).
    • Determinants of personality include nature (biological factors determined at birth) and nurture (environmental influences and life experiences).
    • Personality traits (locus of control, self-esteem) affect behavior.

    Big Five Model

    • Five key dimensions of personality: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, Openness to experience. These have specific traits associated with each.
    • Explains fundamental personality traits to be used in identifying and managing people properly in organizations. Understanding these traits can improve workforce performance and productivity.

    Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

    • Based on Carl Jung's work, categorizes people into different personality types based on preferences for extraversion/introversion, sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling, and judging/perceiving.
    • Developed by Briggs & Myers to understand individual differences.

    Perceptions

    • Process by which individuals interpret sensory impressions to give meaning to their surroundings (driven by experience, education, family, culture, and personality).

    Values

    • Stable, enduring beliefs about what's important in various situations (e.g., fairness, innovation, community involvement).
    • Also includes personal values like honesty, integrity, trust, and love, forming a value system.

    Attitudes

    • Positive or negative feelings about objects, people, events (job satisfaction, organisational commitment, organisational citizenship behaviours, prejudice/bias).

    Variables influencing Individual Behaviour

    • Individual factors (skills, abilities, personality, perceptions, attitudes, values, ethics) interact with environmental factors (organization, work group, job, personal life) to determine behaviour.
    • This relationship, B = f(P,E), where B is behaviour, P is personal factors and E is environmental factors, shows how these interplay.

    Types of Organisational Commitment

    • Affective commitment
    • Normative commitment
    • Continuance commitment (staying because of perceived costs of leaving).

    Consequences of Poor Attitudes

    • Temporary or permanent withdrawal from the workplace
    • Dissatisfaction among customers
    • Negative impact on job performance

    Definition of Diversity

    • Organisations' composition varies in terms of gender, ethnicity, disability, sexual orientation, age, education, and socio-economic status (Robbins & Judge, 2015). The mingling of individuals with unique attributes is diversity.

    What is an Organisation?

    • A collection of people working together to attain many goals
    • A group of people formally structured for a particular purpose.
    • Characterized by shared goals, specialisation, formalization, and centralisation.

    Factors Influencing Behaviour at Work

    • Individual traits, values, attitudes, perceptions, and emotions influence behaviour
    • Group factors (norms, culture, roles, statuses, decisions, conflict, cohesion) and organisational factors (culture, climate, leadership, structure, reward systems, procedures) also impact behaviour.

    Definitions of Organisational Behaviour (OB)

    • OB is the study of how individuals, groups, structure, and other elements affect work-related behaviour inside organisations. Its goal is to apply knowledge to improve organisational effectiveness (Robbins & Judge, 2018).

    Goals of OB

    • Understand attitudes and behaviours in organisations (why do people think and behave as they do?).
    • Try to predict behaviours in organisations.
    • Attempt to influence behaviours in organisations to reach positive goals.

    Employee Behaviours

    • Job performance
    • Participation behaviours
    • Organizational Citizenship Behaviours (OCB)
    • Ethical behaviours/counterproductive behaviours
    • Managing turnover

    Attitudes & Behaviours

    • Attitudes are evaluative statements concerning objects, people, or events.
    • Key attitudes include overall satisfaction, facet satisfaction, Organisational commitment, Job involvement, Job engagement, Empowerment, and Justice.

    Why Study Organisational Behaviour?

    • Helps managers identify problems and correct them
    • Helps people behave differently to improve performance and organizational effectiveness.
    • Leads to improvements in interpersonal skills
    • Improves workplaces and impacts the bottom line positively
    • Helps develop competencies in employees, team members, leaders, and managers.

    Competency

    • An interrelated set of abilities, behaviours, attitudes, and knowledge for effectiveness in professional and managerial tasks.

    Competencies needed for effectiveness

    • Adaptability
    • Intercultural competency
    • Communication and interpersonal abilities
    • Team management
    • Diversity management
    • Ethics
    • Emotional intelligence (Self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship management)

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of Human Behavior in Organizations. This quiz covers key concepts, disciplines, and characteristics that shape organizational behavior, including contributions from psychology and sociology. Challenge your understanding of the factors influencing individual behavior and commitment types.

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