Human Anatomy: Skin and Hair Structure Quiz

<p>Vellus hair (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Everywhere except palms and soles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dermis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Papillary and reticular (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melanin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dermis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesize collagen and elastin fibers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The layer below the dermis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutrophils and Macrophages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Warn neighbouring cells of viral infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interferons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They establish an antiviral state (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T-lymphocytes and Macrophages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By inducing active host proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are synthesized and secreted quickly after infection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They bind to components of microbes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To bind specifically to unique antigenic epitopes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fab region (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Innate immunity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They mediate cell-mediated responses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different layers of the skin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Fab region's VH and VL sections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytic cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A membrane-bound antibody on a B-cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melanoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Border irregularity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Part of the specific immune response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B-lymphocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptive immunity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compete with pathogens for nutrients and space (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutrophils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammatory response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of memory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>99% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eccrine (merocrine) glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Second-degree burns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Over 10% of the body has third-degree burns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sebaceous glands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Made of hard keratin, they grow from the nail matrix and are equivalent to the hooves and claws of other animals.

Hair follicles are produced from the epidermis and dermis, containing an epithelial cell bulb surrounding a papilla. It's responsible for the growth of hair.

Sebaceous glands are found all over the body except the palms and soles. They produce sebum through holocrine secretion, which oils and lubricates the skin.

Sweat glands are found all over the body except the nipples and part of the external genitalia. Their purpose is to cool the body down through sweat.

The medulla is the core of the hair, surrounded by the cortex. The cuticle is a single layer of overlapping cells.

The outermost layer of skin, composed of epithelial tissue.

The deeper layer of skin, made of connective tissue, providing strength and flexibility.

A type of specialized cell in the epidermis that produces melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color.

Fingerprints, palmprints, and footprints are unique patterns formed by dermal papillae, which are projections of the dermis that elevate the epidermis.

Strong, fibrous protein found in the dermis, providing strength and resilience to skin.

The layer of fat and connective tissue beneath the dermis, anchoring the skin to underlying structures.

The process by which the skin helps to regulate body temperature, mainly through the dilation and constriction of blood vessels in the dermis.

The layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are produced by mitosis.

A type of sweat gland that is most numerous and found all over the body. It releases a watery sweat composed mainly of water with some salts and traces of waste.

A type of sweat gland found in the axillary (armpit), anal, and genital areas. It releases a thicker, oily sweat that can decompose over time and cause body odor.

A type of burn that affects only the epidermis, the outermost layer of skin. It is characterized by redness and pain.

A type of burn that affects the epidermis and dermis, the deeper layer of skin. This burn causes blistering, pain, and swelling.

A type of burn that affects all three layers of skin: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. It causes significant damage and often requires skin grafts.

White blood cells that are the first responders to infection, engulfing and destroying pathogens through phagocytosis.

Large, long-lived immune cells that engulf pathogens and cellular debris through phagocytosis, acting as professional antigen-presenting cells.

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on the surface of immune cells that recognize specific molecular patterns found on pathogens, triggering an immune response.

Lymphocytes that kill infected cells and tumor cells directly. They are part of the innate immune system and do not require prior sensitization.

White blood cells that are responsible for adaptive immunity. They recognize specific antigens and mount a targeted response.

A type of cytokine that is produced by virus-infected cells to warn neighboring cells of an impending viral attack.

A large group of cytokines that play a crucial role in regulating the immune response, influencing the behavior of other immune cells.

A cytokine that plays a key role in inflammation, acting as a signaling molecule for immune cells and promoting cell death in infected or cancerous cells.

The body's first line of defense against pathogens, working rapidly and broadly to protect against a wide range of microbes.

A highly specific and adaptable immune system, responding slowly but precisely to target specific microbes.

Protective barriers like skin and mucous membranes that prevent pathogens from entering the body.

Internal mechanisms like phagocytic cells, antimicrobial proteins, and the inflammatory response that fight off pathogens that have already entered the body.

Specialized cells like neutrophils, macrophages, and NK cells that engulf and destroy invading pathogens. They are part of the innate immune system.

Proteins like complement and interferons that help to fight off pathogens. They are part of the innate immune system.

A complex process that involves the release of chemical signals, recruitment of immune cells, and localized tissue damage. It helps to contain and clear infections.

Specialized proteins produced by B-cells that can specifically bind to and neutralize antigens. They are a key component of the acquired immune system.

An acquired, specific immune response that provides a second line of defense. It is slower, targets specific pathogens, and develops memory.

A type of white blood cell that engulf and destroy pathogens through phagocytosis. They are the most abundant WBCs and play a crucial role in the innate immune system.

The process by which certain cells (e.g., neutrophils, macrophages) engulf and destroy pathogens. It is a key mechanism of the innate immune system.

Any substance that is capable of triggering an immune response. It is recognized by the immune system as foreign.

A type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the adaptive immune response. They produce antibodies, which bind to and neutralize specific antigens.

A type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the cellular response of adaptive immunity. They directly kill infected cells and regulate other immune cells.

A complex system of proteins that helps to fight infections by marking pathogens for destruction and triggering inflammation. It is an essential component of the innate immune system.

A state in which the body's immune system is weakened or impaired, making it more susceptible to infections and diseases.