Human Anatomy: Skeletal System and Axial Skeleton
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Human Anatomy: Skeletal System and Axial Skeleton

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Questions and Answers

What does the shape and depth of each fossa correspond to?

  • The location of the brain region it houses
  • The density of the brain region it houses
  • The size of the brain region it houses
  • The shape of the brain region it houses (correct)
  • What does the frontal bone's anterior portion form?

  • The orbital portion
  • The supraorbital margin (correct)
  • The nasal portion
  • The zygomatic process
  • Where is the supraorbital foramen of the orbit located?

  • Outside the supraorbital margin
  • At the anterior part of the supraorbital margin
  • At the posterior part of the supraorbital margin
  • At the center of the supraorbital margin (correct)
  • What does the orbital portion of the frontal bone form?

    <p>The floor of the anterior cranial fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the parietal bone form?

    <p>The upper lateral sides of the skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the temporal bone extends laterally and anteriorly to articulate with the zygomatic arch?

    <p>The zygomatic process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many parietal bones are present in the human skull?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sutures fuses the occipital bone to the two parietal bones?

    <p>Lambdoid suture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the three large spaces that subdivide the base of the skull?

    <p>Lateral cranial fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nasal bones are present in the human skull?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones is NOT part of the bones that form the cranium?

    <p>Mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the membranous gap present at the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures in neonates?

    <p>Anterior fontanelle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the axial skeleton is correct?

    <p>It serves to protect the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many individual bones make up the skull in an adult?

    <p>22</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cranial bone?

    <p>Zygomatic bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sutures in the skull?

    <p>To unite the flat bones of the skull at immobile joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the skull is correct?

    <p>The internal surface of the skull is thinner and more brittle than the external surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of ribs are part of the thoracic cage?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cranial Bones

    • There are 22 individual bones in the adult skull, including the mandible.
    • 21 bones are immobile and united into a single unit.
    • The mandible is the only moveable bone in the skull.

    Parietal Bones

    • There are 2 parietal bones, which form most of the upper lateral sides of the skull.
    • Each parietal bone is bounded anteriorly by the frontal bone (coronal suture).
    • Each parietal bone is bounded inferiorly by the temporal bone.
    • Each parietal bone is bounded posteriorly by the occipital bone (lambdoid suture).

    Temporal Bones

    • There are 2 temporal bones, which form the lower lateral side of the skull.
    • The temporal bone has several regions, including:
      • Squamous portion (flattened upper portion and largest one).
      • Zygomatic process (extends laterally and anteriorly and articulates with the posterior temporal portion of the zygomatic arch).
      • Mastoid portion (posteriorly).

    Occipital Bone

    • There is 1 occipital bone.

    Sphenoid Bone

    • There is 1 sphenoid bone.

    Vomer

    • There is 1 vomer.

    Ethmoid Bone

    • There is 1 ethmoid bone.

    Palatine Bones

    • There are 2 palatine bones.

    Inferior Conchae

    • There are 2 inferior conchae.

    Mandible

    • There is 1 mandible.

    Sutures of the Skull

    • Skull sutures are a type of immovable fibrous joint.
    • The main sutures in adulthood are:
      • Coronal suture (fuses the frontal bone with the two parietal bones).
      • Sagittal suture (fuses both parietal bones to each other).
      • Lambdoid suture (fuses the occipital bone to the two parietal bones).

    Fontanelles

    • In neonates, the incompletely fused suture joints give rise to membranous gaps between the bones, known as fontanelles.
    • The two major fontanelles are:
      • Anterior fontanelle (located at the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures).
      • Posterior fontanelle (located at the junction of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures).

    Cranium

    • The cranium forms the superior aspect of the skull.
    • It protects the brain, meninges, and cerebral vasculature by an interior space called the cranial cavity.
    • Anatomically, the roof and the lateral and posterior sides of the skull are called the vault, and the floor of the cranium is referred to as the base of the skull.
    • The base is subdivided into three large spaces:
      • Anterior cranial fossa.
      • Middle cranial fossa.
      • Posterior cranial fossa.
    • From anterior to posterior, the fossae increase in depth.

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    Description

    Learn about the skeletal system of the body with a focus on the skull, cranial bones, and the axial skeleton. Understand the role of the axial skeleton in protecting vital organs and providing attachment sites for muscles.

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