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Questions and Answers
What does the shape and depth of each fossa correspond to?
What does the frontal bone's anterior portion form?
Where is the supraorbital foramen of the orbit located?
What does the orbital portion of the frontal bone form?
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What does the parietal bone form?
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What part of the temporal bone extends laterally and anteriorly to articulate with the zygomatic arch?
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How many parietal bones are present in the human skull?
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Which of the following sutures fuses the occipital bone to the two parietal bones?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the three large spaces that subdivide the base of the skull?
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How many nasal bones are present in the human skull?
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Which of the following bones is NOT part of the bones that form the cranium?
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What is the name of the membranous gap present at the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures in neonates?
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Which of the following statements about the axial skeleton is correct?
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How many individual bones make up the skull in an adult?
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Which of the following is NOT a cranial bone?
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What is the function of the sutures in the skull?
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Which of the following statements about the skull is correct?
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How many pairs of ribs are part of the thoracic cage?
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Study Notes
Cranial Bones
- There are 22 individual bones in the adult skull, including the mandible.
- 21 bones are immobile and united into a single unit.
- The mandible is the only moveable bone in the skull.
Parietal Bones
- There are 2 parietal bones, which form most of the upper lateral sides of the skull.
- Each parietal bone is bounded anteriorly by the frontal bone (coronal suture).
- Each parietal bone is bounded inferiorly by the temporal bone.
- Each parietal bone is bounded posteriorly by the occipital bone (lambdoid suture).
Temporal Bones
- There are 2 temporal bones, which form the lower lateral side of the skull.
- The temporal bone has several regions, including:
- Squamous portion (flattened upper portion and largest one).
- Zygomatic process (extends laterally and anteriorly and articulates with the posterior temporal portion of the zygomatic arch).
- Mastoid portion (posteriorly).
Occipital Bone
- There is 1 occipital bone.
Sphenoid Bone
- There is 1 sphenoid bone.
Vomer
- There is 1 vomer.
Ethmoid Bone
- There is 1 ethmoid bone.
Palatine Bones
- There are 2 palatine bones.
Inferior Conchae
- There are 2 inferior conchae.
Mandible
- There is 1 mandible.
Sutures of the Skull
- Skull sutures are a type of immovable fibrous joint.
- The main sutures in adulthood are:
- Coronal suture (fuses the frontal bone with the two parietal bones).
- Sagittal suture (fuses both parietal bones to each other).
- Lambdoid suture (fuses the occipital bone to the two parietal bones).
Fontanelles
- In neonates, the incompletely fused suture joints give rise to membranous gaps between the bones, known as fontanelles.
- The two major fontanelles are:
- Anterior fontanelle (located at the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures).
- Posterior fontanelle (located at the junction of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures).
Cranium
- The cranium forms the superior aspect of the skull.
- It protects the brain, meninges, and cerebral vasculature by an interior space called the cranial cavity.
- Anatomically, the roof and the lateral and posterior sides of the skull are called the vault, and the floor of the cranium is referred to as the base of the skull.
- The base is subdivided into three large spaces:
- Anterior cranial fossa.
- Middle cranial fossa.
- Posterior cranial fossa.
- From anterior to posterior, the fossae increase in depth.
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Description
Learn about the skeletal system of the body with a focus on the skull, cranial bones, and the axial skeleton. Understand the role of the axial skeleton in protecting vital organs and providing attachment sites for muscles.