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The heart is enclosed by a sac called the
The heart is enclosed by a sac called the
Pericardium
What are the three layers of pericardium
What are the three layers of pericardium
Fibrous pericardium, parietal layer of serous pericardium and visceral layer of serous pericardium or epicardium
When they contract, blood is propelled out of the heart.
When they contract, blood is propelled out of the heart.
Ventricles
The receiving chambers
The receiving chambers
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Discharging chambers
Discharging chambers
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forms most of the hearts anterior surface
forms most of the hearts anterior surface
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carrying blood towards the heart
carrying blood towards the heart
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carrying blood away from the hearts
carrying blood away from the hearts
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What are the septum that divides the heart longitudinally?
What are the septum that divides the heart longitudinally?
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located between the atria and ventricles on each side.These valves prevent backflow into the atria when ventricles contract
located between the atria and ventricles on each side.These valves prevent backflow into the atria when ventricles contract
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also called mitral valve, consist of two flaps of cusps, of endocardium.
also called mitral valve, consist of two flaps of cusps, of endocardium.
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Right AV valve that has three casps
Right AV valve that has three casps
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anchors the casps to the wall of the ventricles.
anchors the casps to the wall of the ventricles.
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open during heart relaxation and closed when the ventricles are contracting
open during heart relaxation and closed when the ventricles are contracting
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closed during heart relaxation and are forced open when the ventricles contract
closed during heart relaxation and are forced open when the ventricles contract
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The functional blood supply that oxygenates and nourish the myocardium
The functional blood supply that oxygenates and nourish the myocardium
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in which the myocardium is deprived of oxygen resulting crush chest pain.
in which the myocardium is deprived of oxygen resulting crush chest pain.
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major cause of death from heart attacks in adults
major cause of death from heart attacks in adults
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a rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the ventricles
a rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the ventricles
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How many blood does heart pumps in a single day?
How many blood does heart pumps in a single day?
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beats 20-40 times per minute
beats 20-40 times per minute
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beats 60 times per minute
beats 60 times per minute
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Inforces a contraction rate of 75 beats per minute on the heart, the beats as a coordinated unit.
Inforces a contraction rate of 75 beats per minute on the heart, the beats as a coordinated unit.
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Called Pacemaker
Called Pacemaker
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abnormal or unusual heart sounds
Common in young children and some in elder people
abnormal or unusual heart sounds Common in young children and some in elder people
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is the amount of blood pumped out by each side of the heart
is the amount of blood pumped out by each side of the heart
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Anchor the cusps to the walls of the ventricles.
Anchor the cusps to the walls of the ventricles.
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It consist two cusps or flaps of endothelium
It consist two cusps or flaps of endothelium
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Has three cusps
Has three cusps
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Guards the bases of the two large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers
Guards the bases of the two large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers
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These Valves prevents backflow into the atria when the ventricles contract
These Valves prevents backflow into the atria when the ventricles contract
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These blood are open during heart relaxation
These blood are open during heart relaxation
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Closed during heart relaxation and forced open when the ventricles contract
Closed during heart relaxation and forced open when the ventricles contract
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A functional blood supply that oxygenates and nourishes the myocardium
A functional blood supply that oxygenates and nourishes the myocardium
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Situation in which the myocardium is deprived of oxygen often results in crushing chest pain called?
Situation in which the myocardium is deprived of oxygen often results in crushing chest pain called?
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Lack of an adequate blood supply to the heart muscle may lead to fibrillation
Lack of an adequate blood supply to the heart muscle may lead to fibrillation
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A rapid uncoordinated quivering of the ventricles.prevents the heart from pumping any blood and is the major cause of death from heart attacks in adults
A rapid uncoordinated quivering of the ventricles.prevents the heart from pumping any blood and is the major cause of death from heart attacks in adults
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Refers to the events of one complete heartbeat during both atria and ventricles contract and then relax
Refers to the events of one complete heartbeat during both atria and ventricles contract and then relax
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The first sound caused by the closing of the av valves
The first sound caused by the closing of the av valves
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The second heart sound occurs when the semilunar valves close at the end of ventricular systole
The second heart sound occurs when the semilunar valves close at the end of ventricular systole
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It is the amount of blood pumped out by each side of the heart in 1 minute. The product of the heart rate and stroke volume
It is the amount of blood pumped out by each side of the heart in 1 minute. The product of the heart rate and stroke volume
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Left heart fails
Left heart fails
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Right heart fails
Right heart fails
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Usually a progressive condition that reflects weakening of the heart by coronary atherosclerosis
Usually a progressive condition that reflects weakening of the heart by coronary atherosclerosis
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Lines the lumen , or interior of the vessels, is a thin layer of endothelium resting on a basement membranes.
Lines the lumen , or interior of the vessels, is a thin layer of endothelium resting on a basement membranes.
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The bulky middle layer, mostly made up of smooth muscle and elastic fibers.
The bulky middle layer, mostly made up of smooth muscle and elastic fibers.
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Is the outermost tunic. This layer is composed largely of fibrous connective tissue, and it's function is to support and protect the vessels
Is the outermost tunic. This layer is composed largely of fibrous connective tissue, and it's function is to support and protect the vessels
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It is the largest artery of the body
It is the largest artery of the body
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The amount of friction or resistance to flow the blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels
The amount of friction or resistance to flow the blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels
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Narrowing of the blood vessels , which increases the blood pressure.
Narrowing of the blood vessels , which increases the blood pressure.
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Increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction
Increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction
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Study Notes
Heart
- The heart is enclosed by a sac called the pericardium.
- The pericardium has three layers:
- Fibrous pericardium: Outermost layer, tough, dense connective tissue that protects the heart and anchors it to surrounding structures.
- Parietal pericardium: Serous membrane lining the fibrous pericardium.
- Visceral pericardium: Serous membrane that covers the heart's surface (also called the epicardium).
- When the heart muscle contracts, blood is propelled out of the heart.
- There are four chambers of the heart.
- Receiving chambers (atria) receive blood returning to the heart.
- Discharging chambers (ventricles) pump blood out of the heart.
- The right ventricle forms most of the heart's anterior surface.
- Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
- Veins carry blood towards the heart.
- The septum divides the heart longitudinally and is located between the atria and ventricles on each side.
- There are four heart valves that prevent backflow of blood.
-
Atrioventricular (AV) valves located between the atria and ventricles. These valves prevent backflow into the atria when ventricles contract.
- Left AV valve (also called mitral valve) consist of two flaps of cusps, of endocardium.
- Right AV valve (also called tricuspid valve) which has three cusps.
- Chordae tendineae anchor the cusps to the wall of the ventricles.
- Semilunar valves are open during heart relaxation and closed when the ventricles are contracting.
- SL valves are closed during heart relaxation and are forced open when the ventricles are contracting.
-
Atrioventricular (AV) valves located between the atria and ventricles. These valves prevent backflow into the atria when ventricles contract.
- The coronary arteries are the functional blood supply that oxygenates and nourishes the myocardium.
- Myocardial Ischemia is when the myocardium is deprived of oxygen resulting in crushing chest pain, also known as Angina.
- Fibrillation is a rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the ventricles.
- The heart pumps approximately 5 liters of blood in a single day.
- The Sinoatrial (SA) node enforces a contraction rate of 75 beats per minute on the heart, causing the beats as a coordinated unit. This is also called the Pacemaker.
- Heart murmurs are abnormal or unusual heart sounds. They are commonly found in young children, and some in elderly people.
- Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out by each side of the heart in one contraction.
- Chordae tendineae anchors the cusps to the walls of the ventricles and consists of two cusps or flaps of endothelium.
- Tricuspid valve has three cusps.
- Semilunar valves guard the bases of the two large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers.
- AV valves prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles contract.
- SL valves open during heart relaxation.
- SL valves close during heart relaxation and are forced open when the ventricles contract.
- Coronary arteries are a functional blood supply that oxygenates and nourishes the myocardium.
- Myocardial ischemia is when the myocardium is deprived of oxygen which often results in crushing chest pain called Angina (lack of blood supply to heart muscle).
- Fibrillation is a rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the ventricles, which prevents the heart from pumping any blood and is the major cause of death from heart attacks in adults.
- Cardiac cycle refers to the events of one complete heartbeat during which both atria and ventricles contract and then relax.
- The first heart sound (lubb) caused by the closing of the AV valves.
- The second heart sound (dupp) occurs when the semilunar valves close at the end of ventricular systole.
- Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped out by each side of the heart in 1 minute. It is the product of the heart rate and stroke volume.
- Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a progressive condition that reflects weakening of the heart by coronary atherosclerosis.
- Left heart failure leads to pulmonary congestion, while right heart failure results in peripheral congestion.
Blood Vessels
- Tunica intima is a thin layer of endothelium resting on a basement membrane; lines the lumen or interior of the vessels.
- Tunica media is a bulky middle layer, mostly made up of smooth muscle and elastic fibers.
- ** Tunica externa** is the outermost tunic, composed largely of fibrous connective tissue and functions to support and protect the vessels.
- Aorta is the largest artery of the body.
- Blood pressure is the amount of friction or resistance to flow the blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels.
- Vasoconstriction is a narrowing of the blood vessels, which increases blood pressure.
- Vasoconstriction increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the human heart and its surrounding structures. This quiz focuses specifically on the protective layers and functions of the heart, aiming to enhance your understanding of human anatomy.
