Human Anatomy Quiz: Gastrointestinal System

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Which peptides are classified as gut-brain peptides?

Both A and B (correct)

Substance P and secretin

Acetylcholine and serotonin

Gastric inhibitory peptide and neuropeptide Y

What initiates the receptive-relaxation response in the stomach?

Acidic content in the stomach

Swallowing center of the pons

Hormonal signaling from the pancreas

Stretching of the stomach from food (correct)

What is the role of pacemaker cells in the stomach?

Stimulating appetite in the brain

Facilitating nutrient absorption

Regulating gastric acid secretion

Controlling the rhythm of peristaltic contractions (correct)

What occurs during the strong contractions at the pyloric region?

Mixing of food with gastric juice Signup and view all the answers

How often do gentle ripples of contraction occur in the stomach?

Every 20 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bile secreted by the liver?

Contribute to digestion Signup and view all the answers

Which structure separates the left and right lobes of the liver?

Falciform ligament Signup and view all the answers

Where does the hepatic portal vein enter the liver?

At the porta hepatis Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight of the liver in a healthy adult?

1.4 kg Signup and view all the answers

Which lobe of the liver is located posterior to the quadrate lobe?

Caudate lobe Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium covers the mucosa of the stomach?

Simple columnar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What structure prevents the backflow of stomach contents into the duodenum?

Pyloric sphincter Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the stomach consists of three muscle arrangements?

Muscularis externa Signup and view all the answers

Where does the blood from the stomach first go after being drained?

To the hepatic portal circulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of gastric rugae?

Facilitate storage in the stomach Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve provides the parasympathetic innervation to the stomach?

Vagus nerve Signup and view all the answers

What substance do the apical regions of the epithelial cells in the stomach secrete?

Mucin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary blood supply to the stomach?

Celiac trunk branches Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial action of the tongue during the buccal phase of swallowing?

It collects food and presses it against the palate. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain coordinates the swallowing reflex?

Brainstem Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the lower esophageal sphincter when a bolus reaches it?

It relaxes to admit the bolus to the stomach. Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does the bolus enter the laryngopharynx?

Pharyngeal phase Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves communicate with the muscles involved in swallowing?

Trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, and hypoglossal nerves Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the bolus of ingested matter passes down the esophagus?

The upper esophagus constricts above the bolus. Signup and view all the answers

How many muscles are involved in the complex action of swallowing?

22 muscles Signup and view all the answers

What causes the pharyngeal phase of swallowing to be initiated?

Tactile receptors being stimulated in the laryngopharynx. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of sympathetic nerve stimulation in gastric function?

Inhibits gastric activity Signup and view all the answers

During the cephalic phase of gastric function, which of the following triggers gastric secretion?

The taste of food Signup and view all the answers

In the gastric phase, how much of the total gastric secretion occurs?

Two-thirds Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism is activated by stretching the stomach during the gastric phase?

Short reflex via myenteric plexus Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of vagus nerve fibers during the cephalic phase?

Stimulate the enteric nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased pH levels on gastric activity during the gastric phase?

Stimulates gastric activity Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain relays signals to regulate gastric secretion during the cephalic phase?

Medulla oblongata Signup and view all the answers

What predominantly occurs during the gastric phase?

Gastric activity activation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the root of the tongue during the pharyngoesophageal phase of swallowing?

To block the oral cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence correctly describes the actions preventing food from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing?

Tongue blocks oral cavity, larynx is pulled up, soft palate rises Signup and view all the answers

What initiates peristalsis when the bolus enters the esophagus?

Stretching of the esophagus Signup and view all the answers

How long does it generally take for liquid to reach the stomach after swallowing?

1 to 2 seconds Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group is responsible for driving the food bolus downward during swallowing?

Pharyngeal constrictors Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the lower esophageal sphincter during swallowing?

To relax and allow food to pass into the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of peristalsis in the esophagus?

It allows swallowing regardless of body position Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pharyngoesophageal phase?

To prevent food from entering the wrong passageways Signup and view all the answers