Human Anatomy Quiz: Gastrointestinal System
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Questions and Answers

Which peptides are classified as gut-brain peptides?

  • Both A and B (correct)
  • Substance P and secretin
  • Acetylcholine and serotonin
  • Gastric inhibitory peptide and neuropeptide Y

    • What initiates the receptive-relaxation response in the stomach?

  • Acidic content in the stomach
  • Swallowing center of the pons
  • Hormonal signaling from the pancreas
  • Stretching of the stomach from food (correct)

    • What is the role of pacemaker cells in the stomach?

  • Stimulating appetite in the brain
  • Facilitating nutrient absorption
  • Regulating gastric acid secretion
  • Controlling the rhythm of peristaltic contractions (correct)

    • What occurs during the strong contractions at the pyloric region?

    <p>Mixing of food with gastric juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often do gentle ripples of contraction occur in the stomach?

    <p>Every 20 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bile secreted by the liver?

    <p>Contribute to digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure separates the left and right lobes of the liver?

    <p>Falciform ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the hepatic portal vein enter the liver?

    <p>At the porta hepatis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight of the liver in a healthy adult?

    <p>1.4 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the liver is located posterior to the quadrate lobe?

    <p>Caudate lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium covers the mucosa of the stomach?

    <p>Simple columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure prevents the backflow of stomach contents into the duodenum?

    <p>Pyloric sphincter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the stomach consists of three muscle arrangements?

    <p>Muscularis externa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the blood from the stomach first go after being drained?

    <p>To the hepatic portal circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of gastric rugae?

    <p>Facilitate storage in the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides the parasympathetic innervation to the stomach?

    <p>Vagus nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance do the apical regions of the epithelial cells in the stomach secrete?

    <p>Mucin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary blood supply to the stomach?

    <p>Celiac trunk branches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial action of the tongue during the buccal phase of swallowing?

    <p>It collects food and presses it against the palate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain coordinates the swallowing reflex?

    <p>Brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the lower esophageal sphincter when a bolus reaches it?

    <p>It relaxes to admit the bolus to the stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does the bolus enter the laryngopharynx?

    <p>Pharyngeal phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerves communicate with the muscles involved in swallowing?

    <p>Trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, and hypoglossal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the bolus of ingested matter passes down the esophagus?

    <p>The upper esophagus constricts above the bolus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many muscles are involved in the complex action of swallowing?

    <p>22 muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the pharyngeal phase of swallowing to be initiated?

    <p>Tactile receptors being stimulated in the laryngopharynx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of sympathetic nerve stimulation in gastric function?

    <p>Inhibits gastric activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the cephalic phase of gastric function, which of the following triggers gastric secretion?

    <p>The taste of food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the gastric phase, how much of the total gastric secretion occurs?

    <p>Two-thirds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism is activated by stretching the stomach during the gastric phase?

    <p>Short reflex via myenteric plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of vagus nerve fibers during the cephalic phase?

    <p>Stimulate the enteric nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased pH levels on gastric activity during the gastric phase?

    <p>Stimulates gastric activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain relays signals to regulate gastric secretion during the cephalic phase?

    <p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What predominantly occurs during the gastric phase?

    <p>Gastric activity activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the root of the tongue during the pharyngoesophageal phase of swallowing?

    <p>To block the oral cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sequence correctly describes the actions preventing food from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing?

    <p>Tongue blocks oral cavity, larynx is pulled up, soft palate rises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates peristalsis when the bolus enters the esophagus?

    <p>Stretching of the esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it generally take for liquid to reach the stomach after swallowing?

    <p>1 to 2 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group is responsible for driving the food bolus downward during swallowing?

    <p>Pharyngeal constrictors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the lower esophageal sphincter during swallowing?

    <p>To relax and allow food to pass into the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of peristalsis in the esophagus?

    <p>It allows swallowing regardless of body position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pharyngoesophageal phase?

    <p>To prevent food from entering the wrong passageways</p> Signup and view all the answers

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