Human Anatomy Quiz: Cerebral Arteries
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Questions and Answers

Occlusion of the lenticulostriate arteries would most likely lead to:

  • Arteriovenous malformation.
  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage.
  • Oxygen deprivation in the brain. (correct)
  • Microaneurysm formation.

    • Which arteries form the cerebral arterial circle (Circle of Willis)?

  • Basilar artery, anterior cerebral arteries, external carotid arteries, posterior communicating arteries, and superior cerebellar arteries.
  • Anterior communicating artery, anterior cerebral arteries, internal carotid arteries, posterior communicating arteries, and posterior cerebral arteries. (correct)
  • Middle meningeal artery, anterior cerebral arteries, internal carotid arteries, posterior meningeal arteries, and anterior cerebellar arteries.
  • Anterior communicating artery, anterior cerebral arteries, internal carotid arteries, and middle cerebral arteries.

    • The anterior spinal artery supplies which portion of the spinal cord?

  • The anterior two-thirds. (correct)
  • The posterior two-thirds.
  • The posterior one-third.
  • The entire spinal cord.

    • Which arteries reinforce blood supply to the mid-thoracic region of the spinal cord?

    <p>Posterior Intercostal arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The labyrinthine artery supplies blood to which region?

    <p>The inner ear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery would most likely result in which of the following?

    <p>Contralateral hemiparesis and hemisensory loss, mainly face and arm. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries supplies the posterior part of the cerebellar hemisphere?

    <p>Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient presents with vertigo, nausea, and nystagmus after a stroke. Which artery is most likely affected?

    <p>Labyrinthine artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vertebral artery enters the skull through which foramen?

    <p>Foramen magnum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with damage to the posterior spinal artery would most likely exhibit sensory loss in which area?

    <p>Vibration and proprioception on the ipsilateral side of the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the lateral geniculate body?

    <p>Anterior choroidal artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a branch of the basilar artery?

    <p>Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Labyrinthine arteries

    Arteries that supply blood to the inner ear and may branch from the basilar artery.

    Circle of Willis

    A circular arrangement of arteries at the base of the brain, providing collateral blood flow.

    Spinal cord blood supply

    Blood supply primarily from anterior and posterior spinal arteries and segmental arteries.

    Anterior spinal artery

    Artery formed by the union of branches from each vertebral artery, supplying the anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord.

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    Posterior spinal arteries

    Arteries that supply the posterior 1/3 of the spinal cord, branching from vertebral arteries.

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    Brain Blood Supply

    The brain receives blood primarily from internal carotid and vertebral arteries, with 80% from internal carotid.

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    Internal Carotid Artery (ICA)

    Supplies the majority of blood to the brain, with four segments: cervical, intrapetrosal, intracavernous, and cerebral.

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    Segments of ICA

    The four segments include cervical, intrapetrosal, intracavernous, and cerebral (supraclinoid).

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    Carotid Siphon

    The intracanvernous and cerebral portions of the ICA are known as the carotid siphon.

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    Ophtalmic Artery

    Branch of the ICA, supplies the eye, orbital structures, and some facial areas.

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    Anterior Cerebral Artery

    A terminal branch of the ICA, supplies the medial surface of the cerebral cortex.

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    Middle Cerebral Artery

    Another key terminal branch of the ICA, supplies the lateral aspects of the cerebral cortex.

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    Branches of ICA

    Branches include Ophtalmic, Anterior Choroidal, Posterior Communicating, Anterior, and Middle Cerebral arteries.

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    Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

    Leads to contralateral hemiparesis, hemisensory loss, aphasia, and more.

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    Contralateral Hemiparesis

    Weakness on the opposite side of the body from a brain injury.

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    Aphasia

    Impairment of language expression or comprehension, often due to brain damage.

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    Vertebral Artery

    Branch of subclavian artery that supplies blood to the brain.

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    Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA)

    Largest branch of the vertebral artery, supplies posterior cerebellum.

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    Study Notes

    Vessels of Central Nervous System

    • Brain is 2% of the body weight
    • It requires 17% of the cardiac output and 20% of the oxygen utilized by the body
    • The brain receives its blood from two pairs of arteries: internal carotid and vertebral
    • About 80% of the brain's blood supply comes from the internal carotid, and the remaining 20% from the vertebral.

    Arteries of the Brain

    • Internal carotid arteries (80%)
    • Vertebral arteries (20%)

    Internal Carotid

    • 4 segments:
      • Cervical
      • Intrapetrosal
      • Intracavernous
      • Cerebral (supraclinoid)
    • Intracavernous and cerebral portion are called carotid siphon by neuroradiologists.

    Branches of ICA

    • Cervical: No branch
    • Petrosal and Intracavernous segment: Small branches to tympanic cavity, cavernous and inferior petrosal sinuses, trigeminal ganglion, meninges of middle cranial fossa
    • Cerebral segment: Ophthalmic, Posterior communicating, Anterior choroidal, Terminal branches: anterior and middle cerebral arteries

    Anterior Cerebral Artery

    • Smaller terminal branch
    • Runs forward and medially superior to the optic nerve and enters longitudinal fissure
    • Joined the anterior cerebral artery of the opposite side by the anterior communicating artery
    • Cortical branches: supply all medial surface of the cerebral cortex as far back as the parietooccipital sulcus and superior border of the supralateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere, 2.5cm of strip of cortex on the lateral surface, leg area of the precentral gyrus
    • Central branches: supply caudate nucleus, anterior part of lentiform nucleus and anterior limb of internal capsule

    Middle Cerebral Artery

    • Largest branch, runs in the lateral sulcus
    • Cortical branches: supply the entire lateral surface of the hemisphere except the narrow strip supplied anterior cerebral artery, occipital lobe, and the inferolateral surface of the hemisphere which are supplied by posterior cerebral artery. All motor areas except Leg area (supplied by anterior cerebral artery). The occipital pole (macula) is supplied by MCA.
    • Central branches: supply caudate nucleus, lentiform and caudate nuclei, genu and posterior limb of internal capsule

    Posterior Communicating Artery

    • Runs backward and above oculomotor nerve to join posterior cerebral artery.
    • Form part of Circle of Willis.

    Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA)

    • Largest branch of the vertebral, arises at the caudal end of the medulla on each side
    • Runs a course winding between the medulla and cerebellum
    • Distribution: posterior part of cerebellar hemisphere, inferior vermis, central nuclei of cerebellum, choroid plexus of 4th ventricle, medullary branches to dorsolateral medulla

    Anterior Spinal Artery

    • Union of 2 small branches from each vertebral artery
    • Runs down in the anterior median fissure of the spinal cord
    • Anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord

    Posterior Spinal Arteries

    • Branch directly from vertebral arteries or indirectly from PICA
    • Each descends along the dorsolateral surface of the spinal cord close to the posterior nerve roots
    • Posterior 1/3 of the spinal cord

    Vertebral Arteries

    • Branch of 1st part of subclavian artery
    • Passes through foramina of transverse processes of upper 6 vertebrae
    • Enters skull through foramen magnum
    • Pierces dura and enters subarachnoid space
    • Passes upward, forward and medially on the medulla oblongata
    • Joins the vessel of the opposite side to form basilar artery.

    Branches of the Basilar Artery

    • Posterior cerebral artery
    • Anterior inferior cerebellar arteries (AICA)
    • Pontine arteries
    • Superior cerebellar arteries

    Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis)

    • Formed by anterior communicating artery, both anterior cerebral arteries, internal carotid arteries, posterior communicating arteries, and posterior cerebral arteries
    • Lies on sella turcica surrounding optic chiasma, tuber cinereum and mamillary bodies

    Cerebral Veins

    • Deep and superficial groups
    • No muscle tissue
    • No valve

    Veins of the Brain

    • Superficial cerebral veins: Drain blood from cortex and subcortical medullary substance and empty into adjacent sinuses of dura mater
    • Deep cerebral veins: drain deeper parts of hemispheres, basal nuclei, internal capsule, diencephalon and choroid plexus, ultimately form great cerebral vein which enter straight sinus

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the anatomy of cerebral arteries and their functions in this quiz. Explore questions related to occlusions, blood supply, and associated symptoms in various parts of the nervous system.

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