Human Anatomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the position called when a patient is lying face down?

Prone

In anatomical terms, what does 'superior' refer to?

Above

Identify the major function of the integumentary system.

Protection

What term is used to describe structures that are further from the point of attachment?

Distal Signup and view all the answers

Which body system is primarily responsible for movement?

Muscular System Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the respiratory system in relation to carbon dioxide?

The respiratory system is responsible for the discharge of carbon dioxide from the body. Signup and view all the answers

Define 'medial' in anatomical terms.

Closer to the middle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the skeletal system?

Support Signup and view all the answers

List two functions of the urinary system.

The urinary system regulates blood volume and pressure, and excretes wastes. Signup and view all the answers

How does the nervous system contribute to the coordination of other systems?

The nervous system controls and regulates the functions of other systems through signals and responses. Signup and view all the answers

Which system includes organs like the lymph nodes and spleen?

Lymphatic System Signup and view all the answers

What position describes a person lying flat on their back, facing up?

Supine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the endocrine system?

The primary function of the endocrine system is hormone production. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the main components of the circulatory system.

The main components of the circulatory system are the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'superficial' mean in anatomy?

Closer to the body surface Signup and view all the answers

What important balance is maintained by both the urinary and circulatory systems?

Both systems help maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the relationship between speech and the respiratory system.

The respiratory system enables speech by providing the airflow necessary for sound production. Signup and view all the answers

What role do sense organs play in the nervous system?

Sense organs are involved in sensation and provide the nervous system with information about the environment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the receptor in homeostatic regulation?

The receptor receives information about changes in the environment. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between negative feedback and positive feedback.

Negative feedback opposes the stimulus to reverse the change, while positive feedback reinforces the stimulus and amplifies the change. Signup and view all the answers

What would likely happen if the body loses homeostasis?

Illness or death will occur. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the main four elements that make up the body.

Oxygen (65%), Carbon (18%), Hydrogen (10%), and Nitrogen (3%). Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary substance that makes up most of our body?

Water. Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the female reproductive system?

Production of eggs, site of fertilization and fetal development, birth, lactation, and secretion of sex hormones. Signup and view all the answers

List the organs involved in the human digestive system.

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the role of the control center in homeostasis.

The control center receives and processes information from the receptor. Signup and view all the answers

What structures are involved in the male reproductive system?

Testes, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicles, and penis. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the elimination function of the digestive system?

The removal of waste products from the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of energy?

Energy is the capacity to do work or to put matter into motion. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between potential energy and kinetic energy.

Potential energy is stored energy in the bonds of molecules, while kinetic energy is energy in motion. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of metabolic activities?

The two types of metabolic activities are catabolism and anabolism. Signup and view all the answers

What cellular structures regulate the passage of substances in and out of the cell?

The plasma membrane regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What are the stages of microbiome development?

The stages include intrauterine, birth, first year of life, second year, age 2-5, and adulthood. Signup and view all the answers

Name the four components of the microbiome.

The four components are bacteria, viruses, fungi, and archaea. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four categories of tissues in the body?

The four categories of tissues are epithelial tissue, connective tissue, nervous tissue, and muscular tissue. Signup and view all the answers

How does breastfeeding influence microbiome development in infants?

Breastfeeding exposes infants to over 700 species of bacteria, crucial for establishing long-term health. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the microbiome after age 65?

After age 65, there is a broad shift in gut microbe populations and a decrease in microbial species. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the role of anabolism in metabolism.

Anabolism involves building larger and more complex chemical molecules from smaller subunits. Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue covers the body's surface and lines body cavities?

Epithelial tissue Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of glands based on their method of secretion?

Exocrine glands and endocrine glands Signup and view all the answers

Name the most widespread and varied tissue type in the body.

Connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue is characterized by strong and flexible fibers that resist stretching?

Collagenous fibers Signup and view all the answers

Describe one function of tendons in the body.

Tendons attach muscles to bones. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cartilage is found at the ends of movable joints?

Hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What role does skeletal tissue play in the body?

It allows for movement and breathing. Signup and view all the answers

Where is cardiac tissue exclusively found?

In the heart Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle lines the walls of many organs?

Smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between regeneration and fibrosis in tissue repair?

Regeneration replaces damaged cells with the same type, while fibrosis replaces them with scar tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the stratum basale in the epidermis?

The stratum basale is responsible for the production of new cells through mitosis. Signup and view all the answers

Outline the differences between first, second, and third-degree burns.

First-degree burns affect only the epidermis, second-degree burns impact both the epidermis and part of the dermis, and third-degree burns extend through the epidermis to the subcutaneous layer. Signup and view all the answers

What component of the skin is responsible for thermoregulation?

The skin regulates temperature primarily through sweat glands and blood vessel dilation. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the role of sebum produced by sebaceous glands.

Sebum helps keep the skin and hair moisturized and prevents them from drying out. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the dermis layer of the skin?

The dermis provides structural support, contains blood vessels, sweat glands, and nerve endings. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the process of keratinization in the epidermis.

Keratinization is the process where cells flatten and produce keratin as they move away from the blood supply, ultimately leading to cell death. Signup and view all the answers

What components make up the hair structure?

The hair structure consists of the shaft, follicle, root, and cuticle. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the main types of sensory receptors found in the dermis.

The dermis houses mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and nociceptors. Signup and view all the answers

What is the lunula and where is it located?

The lunula is a crescent-shaped white area at the base of the nail. Signup and view all the answers

How do eccrine and apocrine glands differ in terms of function?

Eccrine glands produce sweat for thermoregulation, while apocrine glands produce a thicker secretion in response to stress and hormonal changes. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Prone

Lying on your stomach, facing down.

Supine

Lying on your back, facing up.

In front of.