Human Anatomy: Posterior Relations of the Kidneys

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What is the primary function of the filtration slit diaphragms?

To form the basal lamina of the glomerular capillary
To restrict some small proteins and organic anions (correct)
To block blood cells and platelets
To allow large proteins and some organic anions to pass through

What is the width of the filtration slit pores?

25- to 30-nm (correct)
20- to 25-nm
35- to 40-nm
10- to 15-nm

What determines the filtration process in the glomerular capillary?

Both the molecular weight and the charge of the molecule (correct)
Only the molecular weight of the filtrate
Only the charge of the molecule
Neither the molecular weight nor the charge of the molecule

What is the function of the fenestrations in the capillary endothelium?

To block blood cells and platelets (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that prevents large proteins and some organic anions from passing through the filtration barrier?

Basal lamina (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the thin segments in the loop of Henle?

Passive transport of water and solutes (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium is found in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Simple cuboidal epithelium (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Impermeable to water, permeable to salt and urea (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the cells lining the collecting ducts?

Pale columnar epithelium (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the loop of Henle on the urine?

Concentration of the urine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?

It is a tortuous tube (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important structure that separates the upper part of the kidneys from the pleura?

Diaphragm (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is not related to the posterior aspect of the kidney?

Phrenic nerve (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the average number of renal pyramids in the medulla of a kidney?

8-12 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which rib is related to the right kidney?

12th rib (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the extension of the cortex into the medulla between adjacent pyramids called?

Renal column (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the small part of the pleura that descends below the 12th rib posterior to the kidney called?

Costodiaphragmatic recess (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of collecting tubules in the nephron?

To collect the contents of many distal convoluted tubules (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure formed by a medullary ray and the associated tubules?

Renal lobule (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many functional units called nephrons are present in each kidney?

1-4 million (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the tube that links the nephron to the collecting ducts?

Connecting tubule (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that constitutes a renal lobe?

A pyramid plus the cortical tissue at its base and extending along its sides (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the contents of the renal cortex?

Renal corpuscle, convoluted tubules, and medullary rays (D) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of nephrons in the kidney have their loop of Henle extending deep into the medulla?

15% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Vasa Recta in the kidney?

Formation of concentrated urine (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the majority of the blood entering the kidneys remain?

Cortex (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the blood flow rate of the Renal Artery in milliliters per minute?

1200 ml/min (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the point of origin of the Renal Artery?

Abdominal aorta at the level of L2 (A) Signup and view all the answers

How many segmental arteries does the anterior division of the Renal Artery give rise to?

Four (B) Signup and view all the answers