Pharynx Anatomy Quiz: Test Your Knowledge of the Pharynx

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following muscles elevates the larynx and the pharynx during swallowing?

Salpingopharyngeus

Palatopharyngeus

Stylopharyngeus

All of the above (correct)

Which nerve innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle, the only pharyngeal muscle not innervated by the vagus nerve?

Hypoglossal nerve

Glossopharyngeal nerve (correct)

Accessory nerve

Facial nerve

Which of the following arteries supplies blood to the palatine tonsil at its lower pole?

Tonsillar branch of the facial artery

Tonsillar branch of the ascending palatine artery

Ascending pharyngeal artery

Both A and B (correct)

Which layer of the pharynx is responsible for initiating the gag reflex?

Piriform recess Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is not a part of the laryngopharynx?

Palatine tonsils Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pharyngeal tonsil?

It plays a role in immune response Signup and view all the answers

Which fold covers the salpingopharyngeus muscle in the oropharynx?

Salpingopharyngeal fold Signup and view all the answers

Where is the pharyngeal opening of the auditory (Eustachian) tube located?

Nasopharynx Signup and view all the answers

Which structure marks the boundary between the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx?

Epiglottis Signup and view all the answers

In which region of the pharynx does the laryngopharynx extend to?

Inferior border of the cricoid cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

Facilitate swallowing by propelling food into the esophagus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the pharyngeal tonsils is INCORRECT?

They undergo atrophy after puberty Signup and view all the answers

Which lymph node group primarily drains the pharyngeal tonsils?

Retropharyngeal lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the pharyngeal plexus?

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pharyngeal muscles with their innervating nerve:

Salpingopharyngeus muscle = Vagus nerve Palatopharyngeus muscle = Vagus nerve Stylopharyngeus muscle = Glossopharyngeal nerve Superior constrictor muscle = Vagus nerve Signup and view all the answers

Match the following arteries with their role in supplying blood to the pharynx:

Ascending pharyngeal artery = Supplying the pharynx Superior thyroid artery = Supplying the pharynx Ascending palatine artery = Supplying the palatine tonsil Pharyngeal branches of maxillary artery = Supplying the pharynx Signup and view all the answers

Match the following muscles with their function during swallowing:

Salpingopharyngeus muscle = Elevate the larynx and pharynx Palatopharyngeus muscle = Elevate the larynx and pharynx Stylopharyngeus muscle = Elevate the larynx and pharynx Inferior constrictor muscle = Propel food into esophagus Signup and view all the answers

Match the part of the pharynx with its description:

Nasopharynx = Begins in in the choanae and ends at thee soft palate Oropharynx = Consists of pharyngeal arch and uvula Laryngopharynx = The area that has the entrance to the trachea and esophagus extending from the superior border of the epiglottis to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Match the structure with its function in deglutition (swallowing):

Salpingopharyngeal fold = Covers the salpingopharyngeus muscle Palatoglossal arch = Forms part of the boundary between oropharynx and oral cavity Genioglossus muscle = Aids in moving food bolus toward the pharynx Hard palate = Helps in pushing food toward the pharynx during swallowing Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscle with its action in deglutition (swallowing):

Genioglossus muscle = Aids in pushing food bolus toward the pharynx Salpingopharyngeus muscle = Opens the pharyngeal orifice of the pharyngotympanic tube during swallowing Stylopharyngeus muscle = Elevates and widens the pharynx during swallowing Palatoglossus muscle = Assists in elevating and closing off nasopharynx during swallowing Signup and view all the answers

Match the tonsil with its innervating nerve:

Palatine tonsil = Glossopharyngeal nerve Lingual tonsil = Lingual nerve Tubal tonsil = Vagus nerve Pharyngeal tonsil = Vagus nerve Signup and view all the answers

Match the lymphatic drainage route with the corresponding pharyngeal region:

Roof and posterior wall = Retropharyngeal nodes Region of palatine tonsil = Deep cervical nodes Laryngopharynx = Deep cervical nodes Oropharynx and nasopharynx = Tonsillar ring Signup and view all the answers

Match the structure with its location within the pharynx during deglutition (swallowing):

Epiglottis = Superior border marks boundary between laryngopharynx and oropharynx Uvula = Located within oropharynx, ending at upper border Cricoid cartilage = Inferior border defines end of area with entrance to trachea and esophagus Pharyngeal arch = Part of oropharynx, posterior to mouth Signup and view all the answers

Match the following veins with their drainage pathway in relation to the pharynx:

Lesser palatine (descending palatine) vein = Drains into internal jugular vein Tonsillar branch of the ascending pharyngeal vein = Contributes to Pharyngeal Venous Plexus Pharyngeal Venous Plexus = Drains into internal jugular vein Internal jugular vein = Receives drainage from Pharyngeal Venous Plexus Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Respiratory System

The respiratory system consists of the upper respiratory system and lower respiratory system
Upper respiratory system: paranasal sinuses, nasal conchae, nose, nasal cavity, posterior nasal apertures, nasopharynx, tongue, hyoid bone
Lower respiratory system: larynx, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, lungs, clavicle, bronchioles, right lung, ribs, left lung, diaphragm

The Pharynx

The pharynx is a passageway that connects the nose to the mouth to the throat
Begins at the base of the skull to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage (C6) where it continues with the esophagus
Composed of skeletal muscle and mucous membranes
Divided into three parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Nasopharynx

Lies posterior to the nasal cavity and extends to the soft palate
Contains the pharyngeal opening of the auditory (Eustachian) tube
Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids when enlarged) and concentrations of lymphoid tissue in the mucous membrane of the roof and posterior nasopharynx

Oropharynx

Has a digestive function and extends from the soft palate to the superior border of the epiglottis
Consists of the pharyngeal arch and uvula
Contains the salpingopharyngeal fold, which covers the salpingopharyngeus muscle
Soft palate forms the posterior portion of the roof of the mouth

Laryngopharynx

The area that has the entrance to the trachea and esophagus
Extends from the superior border of the epiglottis to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage where it is continuous with the esophagus
Posterior to the larynx

Pharyngeal Muscles

External circular layer and internal longitudinal layer
Innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X) and glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Elevate the larynx and the pharynx during swallowing

Vessels of the Pharynx

Arteries: ascending pharyngeal, superior thyroid, ascending and descending palatine, and pharyngeal branches of the maxillary artery
Veins: pharyngeal venous plexus drains into internal jugular vein
Arteries to the palatine tonsil: tonsillar branch of facial, ascending palatine, and dorsal lingual arteries

Pharyngeal Plexus

Formed by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), and postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion
Innervates the pharyngeal constrictors and soft palate

Tonsils

Palatine tonsil is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Blood supply: tonsillar branch of facial, ascending palatine, and dorsal lingual arteries
Lymphoid tissue in the tonsils, pharyngeal, and posterior nasal walls
Part of Waldeyer's tonsillar ring, which includes the lingual tonsils, tubal tonsils, and pharyngeal tonsil

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the pharynx, including the three parts - nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. Learn about their structures and functions in relation to swallowing and the shared roles with the respiratory and digestive systems.

Pharynx