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Pharynx
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Pharynx

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following muscles elevates the larynx and the pharynx during swallowing?

  • Salpingopharyngeus
  • Palatopharyngeus
  • Stylopharyngeus
  • All of the above (correct)
  • Which nerve innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle, the only pharyngeal muscle not innervated by the vagus nerve?

  • Hypoglossal nerve
  • Glossopharyngeal nerve (correct)
  • Accessory nerve
  • Facial nerve
  • Which of the following arteries supplies blood to the palatine tonsil at its lower pole?

  • Tonsillar branch of the facial artery
  • Tonsillar branch of the ascending palatine artery
  • Ascending pharyngeal artery
  • Both A and B (correct)
  • Which layer of the pharynx is responsible for initiating the gag reflex?

    <p>Piriform recess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is not a part of the laryngopharynx?

    <p>Palatine tonsils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pharyngeal tonsil?

    <p>It plays a role in immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fold covers the salpingopharyngeus muscle in the oropharynx?

    <p>Salpingopharyngeal fold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the pharyngeal opening of the auditory (Eustachian) tube located?

    <p>Nasopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure marks the boundary between the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx?

    <p>Epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which region of the pharynx does the laryngopharynx extend to?

    <p>Inferior border of the cricoid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

    <p>Facilitate swallowing by propelling food into the esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the pharyngeal tonsils is INCORRECT?

    <p>They undergo atrophy after puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymph node group primarily drains the pharyngeal tonsils?

    <p>Retropharyngeal lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT part of the pharyngeal plexus?

    <p>Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following pharyngeal muscles with their innervating nerve:

    <p>Salpingopharyngeus muscle = Vagus nerve Palatopharyngeus muscle = Vagus nerve Stylopharyngeus muscle = Glossopharyngeal nerve Superior constrictor muscle = Vagus nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following arteries with their role in supplying blood to the pharynx:

    <p>Ascending pharyngeal artery = Supplying the pharynx Superior thyroid artery = Supplying the pharynx Ascending palatine artery = Supplying the palatine tonsil Pharyngeal branches of maxillary artery = Supplying the pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following muscles with their function during swallowing:

    <p>Salpingopharyngeus muscle = Elevate the larynx and pharynx Palatopharyngeus muscle = Elevate the larynx and pharynx Stylopharyngeus muscle = Elevate the larynx and pharynx Inferior constrictor muscle = Propel food into esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the part of the pharynx with its description:

    <p>Nasopharynx = Begins in in the choanae and ends at thee soft palate Oropharynx = Consists of pharyngeal arch and uvula Laryngopharynx = The area that has the entrance to the trachea and esophagus extending from the superior border of the epiglottis to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the structure with its function in deglutition (swallowing):

    <p>Salpingopharyngeal fold = Covers the salpingopharyngeus muscle Palatoglossal arch = Forms part of the boundary between oropharynx and oral cavity Genioglossus muscle = Aids in moving food bolus toward the pharynx Hard palate = Helps in pushing food toward the pharynx during swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the muscle with its action in deglutition (swallowing):

    <p>Genioglossus muscle = Aids in pushing food bolus toward the pharynx Salpingopharyngeus muscle = Opens the pharyngeal orifice of the pharyngotympanic tube during swallowing Stylopharyngeus muscle = Elevates and widens the pharynx during swallowing Palatoglossus muscle = Assists in elevating and closing off nasopharynx during swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the tonsil with its innervating nerve:

    <p>Palatine tonsil = Glossopharyngeal nerve Lingual tonsil = Lingual nerve Tubal tonsil = Vagus nerve Pharyngeal tonsil = Vagus nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the lymphatic drainage route with the corresponding pharyngeal region:

    <p>Roof and posterior wall = Retropharyngeal nodes Region of palatine tonsil = Deep cervical nodes Laryngopharynx = Deep cervical nodes Oropharynx and nasopharynx = Tonsillar ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the structure with its location within the pharynx during deglutition (swallowing):

    <p>Epiglottis = Superior border marks boundary between laryngopharynx and oropharynx Uvula = Located within oropharynx, ending at upper border Cricoid cartilage = Inferior border defines end of area with entrance to trachea and esophagus Pharyngeal arch = Part of oropharynx, posterior to mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following veins with their drainage pathway in relation to the pharynx:

    <p>Lesser palatine (descending palatine) vein = Drains into internal jugular vein Tonsillar branch of the ascending pharyngeal vein = Contributes to Pharyngeal Venous Plexus Pharyngeal Venous Plexus = Drains into internal jugular vein Internal jugular vein = Receives drainage from Pharyngeal Venous Plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Respiratory System

    • The respiratory system consists of the upper respiratory system and lower respiratory system
    • Upper respiratory system: paranasal sinuses, nasal conchae, nose, nasal cavity, posterior nasal apertures, nasopharynx, tongue, hyoid bone
    • Lower respiratory system: larynx, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, lungs, clavicle, bronchioles, right lung, ribs, left lung, diaphragm

    The Pharynx

    • The pharynx is a passageway that connects the nose to the mouth to the throat
    • Begins at the base of the skull to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage (C6) where it continues with the esophagus
    • Composed of skeletal muscle and mucous membranes
    • Divided into three parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

    Nasopharynx

    • Lies posterior to the nasal cavity and extends to the soft palate
    • Contains the pharyngeal opening of the auditory (Eustachian) tube
    • Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids when enlarged) and concentrations of lymphoid tissue in the mucous membrane of the roof and posterior nasopharynx

    Oropharynx

    • Has a digestive function and extends from the soft palate to the superior border of the epiglottis
    • Consists of the pharyngeal arch and uvula
    • Contains the salpingopharyngeal fold, which covers the salpingopharyngeus muscle
    • Soft palate forms the posterior portion of the roof of the mouth

    Laryngopharynx

    • The area that has the entrance to the trachea and esophagus
    • Extends from the superior border of the epiglottis to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage where it is continuous with the esophagus
    • Posterior to the larynx

    Pharyngeal Muscles

    • External circular layer and internal longitudinal layer
    • Innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X) and glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
    • Elevate the larynx and the pharynx during swallowing

    Vessels of the Pharynx

    • Arteries: ascending pharyngeal, superior thyroid, ascending and descending palatine, and pharyngeal branches of the maxillary artery
    • Veins: pharyngeal venous plexus drains into internal jugular vein
    • Arteries to the palatine tonsil: tonsillar branch of facial, ascending palatine, and dorsal lingual arteries

    Pharyngeal Plexus

    • Formed by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), and postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion
    • Innervates the pharyngeal constrictors and soft palate

    Tonsils

    • Palatine tonsil is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
    • Blood supply: tonsillar branch of facial, ascending palatine, and dorsal lingual arteries
    • Lymphoid tissue in the tonsils, pharyngeal, and posterior nasal walls
    • Part of Waldeyer's tonsillar ring, which includes the lingual tonsils, tubal tonsils, and pharyngeal tonsil

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    Pharynx.pdf

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the pharynx, including the three parts - nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. Learn about their structures and functions in relation to swallowing and the shared roles with the respiratory and digestive systems.

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