Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which muscle type is characterized by involuntary contractions and the ability to sustain contractions for extended periods?
Which muscle type is characterized by involuntary contractions and the ability to sustain contractions for extended periods?
- Smooth muscle (correct)
- Voluntary muscle
- Cardiac muscle
- Skeletal muscle
What term describes the muscles attached to bones, responsible for body movement, and under conscious control?
What term describes the muscles attached to bones, responsible for body movement, and under conscious control?
- Cardiac muscle
- Smooth muscle
- Involuntary muscle
- Skeletal muscle (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a common method for naming muscles?
Which of the following is NOT a common method for naming muscles?
- Shape
- Color (correct)
- Action
- Location
Which of the following best describes 'basal metabolic rate' (BMR)?
Which of the following best describes 'basal metabolic rate' (BMR)?
What does the acronym POLICE stand for in the context of treating injuries?
What does the acronym POLICE stand for in the context of treating injuries?
What is indicated by an increase in blood flow and swelling resulting from the application of heat?
What is indicated by an increase in blood flow and swelling resulting from the application of heat?
What is the primary cause of acute muscle soreness?
What is the primary cause of acute muscle soreness?
Which of the following equations represents Cardiac Output (Q)?
Which of the following equations represents Cardiac Output (Q)?
What is the term for the series of events that occur during one entire heartbeat?
What is the term for the series of events that occur during one entire heartbeat?
What does 'LVEDV' stand for concerning cardiac function?
What does 'LVEDV' stand for concerning cardiac function?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the female pelvis compared to the male pelvis?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the female pelvis compared to the male pelvis?
What type of connective tissue attaches muscle to bone and is most commonly associated with a ‘strain’ when injured?
What type of connective tissue attaches muscle to bone and is most commonly associated with a ‘strain’ when injured?
What is the primary function of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee?
What is the primary function of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee?
A patient comes in with an ankle injury, with the foot in a plantarflexed position. Which of the following ligaments is most likely injured?
A patient comes in with an ankle injury, with the foot in a plantarflexed position. Which of the following ligaments is most likely injured?
Which of the following is a primary difference between the medial and lateral meniscus in the knee?
Which of the following is a primary difference between the medial and lateral meniscus in the knee?
What occurs in a third-degree ligament sprain?
What occurs in a third-degree ligament sprain?
Which of the following is NOT a component that contributes to stability in the arches of the foot?
Which of the following is NOT a component that contributes to stability in the arches of the foot?
The femoral notch in females is typically what shape?
The femoral notch in females is typically what shape?
What does the patellar tendon connect?
What does the patellar tendon connect?
Which of the following joints is NOT located in the shoulder complex?
Which of the following joints is NOT located in the shoulder complex?
Flashcards
Cardiac Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Found in the heart, responsible for pumping blood, involuntary, striated.
Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
Attached to bones, responsible for movement, voluntary, striated.
Cardiac Output
Cardiac Output
The amount of blood pumped from the heart each minute.
Stroke Volume
Stroke Volume
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Ejection Fraction
Ejection Fraction
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Cardiac Cycle
Cardiac Cycle
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Acute Muscle Soreness
Acute Muscle Soreness
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DOMS
DOMS
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Anaerobic Threshold
Anaerobic Threshold
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BMR
BMR
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Pubic Opening Size in Females
Pubic Opening Size in Females
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Pubic Angle in Females
Pubic Angle in Females
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Ligament Flexibility in Females
Ligament Flexibility in Females
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Ilium Shape in Females
Ilium Shape in Females
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Hip Joint Position in Males
Hip Joint Position in Males
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Vertebral Column
Vertebral Column
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Ligament
Ligament
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Tendon
Tendon
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Bursa Sac
Bursa Sac
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Tendonitis
Tendonitis
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Study Notes
Male/Female Pelvis
- The pubic opening is larger in females.
- The pubic angle is greater in females.
- Ligaments at the pubic symphysis can be looser in females.
- The ilium is more flared in females.
- The hip joint (femur/pelvis) is more forward in males.
Vertebral Column
- Composed of 26 vertebrae protecting the spinal cord.
- 7 Cervical vertebrae
- 12 Thoracic vertebrae
- 5 Lumbar vertebrae
- 1 Sacrum (5 fused vertebrae)
- 1 Coccyx (2-4 fused vertebrae)
Joints
Ligaments
- Connective tissue attaching bone to bone.
- Reinforces the joint capsule.
- Sprain is the term for injured ligaments.
- 3 degrees of sprain injury exist:
- 1st degree: No tearing
- 2nd degree: Partial tearing
- 3rd degree: Complete tearing
Tendons
- Connective tissue attaching bone to bone.
- Provides additional stability for joints.
- Strain is the term for injured tendons.
- 3 degrees of strain exist.
- Tendonitis: Inflammation of a tendon.
- Bursa sac: Fluid-filled sac between tendons and bones, reducing friction.
- Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursa sac.
Knee
- MCL: Medial collateral ligament (primary medial support)
- ACL: Anterior cruciate ligament—prevents anterior sliding of the tibia.
- PCL: Posterior cruciate ligament—prevents posterior sliding of the tibia.
- Patellar tendon: From the patella to tibia; prevents leveraging for the quadriceps.
- Medial Meniscus: Crescent moon shape; cartilage.
- Lateral Meniscus: “C” shape; cartilage.
- Coronary Ligaments: Hold down the menisci.
Ankle
- Inversion sprains: 95% of ankle sprains.
- Eversion sprains: 5% of ankle sprains.
Foot/Ankle Position
- Neutral foot
- Plantarflexed foot
- Dorsiflexed foot
Foot Arch
- Bone structure holds arches in place.
- Bones balance against each other.
Shoulder Complex
- Glenohumeral joint (GH)
- Acromioclavicular joint (AC)
- Sternoclavicular joint (SC)
- Coracoclavicular joint (CC)
Muscle Structure
- Types of muscle tissue:
- Smooth muscle
Muscle Physiology
- Connective tissue wrappings:
- Muscle (M)
- Subfascial tissue (SFT)
Muscle Related
- Flexibility (FT/ST)
- Hot/Cold therapy
- Protection (P)
- Optimally Loading (O)
- Ice (I)
- Compression (C)
- Elevation (E)
- Blood flow and swelling
- Inflammation
- Pain
Muscle Soreness
- Acute muscle soreness
- Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
- Energy systems
- Anaerobic threshold
- Basil Metabolic Rate (BMR)
- Cardiovascular:
- Cardiac Output (Q)
Cardiac Cycle
- Series of events:
- Mid-to-late diastole
- Ventricular systole
- Early diastole
Lung Volumes
- Tidal Volume (TV): Volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath
- Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV): Air volume that can be forcibly inhaled after normal inhalation
- Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV): Air volume that can be forcibly exhaled after normal exhalation
- Vital Capacity (VC)
- Residual Volume (RV)
- Total Lung Capacity
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